Retinal Microperimetry as a Novel Tool for Early Detection of Subclinical Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Damage in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.

Context: Retinal microperimetry (MPR) is a non-invasive method that measures retinal light sensitivity (RS) and gaze fixation stability (GFS). MPR has been described as a marker of cognitive impairment in people with Type 2 diabetes, but it has never been assessed in people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our group described subclinical cognitive alterations, structural brain differences, and increased levels of light chain neurofilament (NfL) in people with T1D and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia.

New prefilled syringe aflibercept design. A cause of symptomatic IOP spike after aflibercept PFS?

Objective: To describe ocular hypertension cases after using a new aflibercept prefilled syringe and to assess the main characteristics of these eyes and their possible association with intraocular pressure (IOP) changes.

Methods: Case series. We reported all the cases of ocular hypertension following aflibercept prefilled syringes (PFS) treatment in our department between April 2021 and December 2023.

Choroidal neovascularization in children: etiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes.

Purpose: To provide data on the most frequent causes, main characteristics, management, and outcomes of pediatric choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a major tertiary referral hospital for children, together with a review of the current literature.

Methods: Case series including children diagnosed with CNV between 2008 and 2023. Age, sex, date of diagnosis, CNV etiology, CNV localization, treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and ophthalmological examination data at diagnosis and after one year of follow-up were recorded.

Topical insulin, a novel corneal epithelial regeneration agent in dry eye disease.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of insulin eye drops for dry eye disease in reducing corneal staining and improving symptoms.

Methods: In this retrospective case series, patients with dry eye disease treated with off-label use of insulin eye drops were collected. The main inclusion criterion was diagnosis of dry eye disease with epithelial damage and acceptance of the off-label use of topical insulin.

PROGRESSION OF CHOROIDAL THICKNESS ON ENHANCED DEPTH IMAGING-OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AS THE FIRST SIGN OF ORBITAL LYMPHOMA.

Purpose: To present an orbital extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) with increased choroidal thickness as the first diagnostic sign.

Methods: A patient presented with mild blurred vision in the left eye. Progressively increased choroidal thickness was demonstrated by enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography and ocular ultrasound-confirmed diffuse choroidal effusion.

Spontaneous Regression of Choroidal Neovascularization in a Girl with Rubella Retinopathy.

Rubella retinopathy is usually a benign disorder with low impact on visual acuity. However, choroidal neovascularization can occur in these patients threatening their vision. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl with rubella retinopathy who developed a neovascular membrane and was successfully managed with observation.

Intervortex Venous Anastomosis in the Macula in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Imaged by En Face Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To assess the presence of macular intervortex venous anastomosis in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients using en face optical coherence tomography (EF-OCT).

Methods: A cross-sectional study where EF-OCT 6 × 6 and 12 × 12 mm macular scans of patients with unilateral chronic CSCR were evaluated for anastomosis between vortex vein systems in the central macula. The presence of prominent anastomoses was defined as a connection with a diameter ≥150 µm between the inferotemporal and superotemporal vortex vein systems which crossed the temporal raphe.

Sudden Consecutive Bilateral Amaurosis Secondary to Central Retinal Artery Occlusion After Kidney Transplantation.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a medical emergency, considered a stroke equivalent by the American Heart Association. There are a few reported cases of bilateral CRAO, most of them occurring in the context of a systemic predisposing condition. We present a case of bilateral CRAO following kidney transplantation.

Update on the utility of en face optical coherence tomography in the assessment of vitreoretinal diseases.

En face optical coherence tomography (EF-OCT) is a rapid, non-invasive, high-resolution imaging technique that has evolved in recent years to be a routine examination for the assessment and follow-up of various vitreoretinal diseases. With the introduction of swept-source OCT (SS-OCT), which can achieve up to 100,000 A-scans per second and better-quality imaging of deeper structures using a longer wavelength (1050nm), EF-OCT reconstruction can produce high-resolution frontal images of the retina and choroid (C-Scans) that give an overview of disease extent. These images allow a more accurate study of vitreoretinal interface pathologies such as epiretinal membranes, macular holes, and vitreomacular traction.

Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 Lockdown in Neovascular AMD Patients in Spain: Structural and Functional Outcomes after 1 Year of Standard Follow-Up and Treatment.

Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical care have been extensively analyzed. Specifically, in ophthalmology practice, patients suffering age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represent one of the most affected subgroups. After reporting the acute consequences of treatment suspension in neovascular AMD, we have now evaluated these same 242 patients (270 eyes) to assess if prior functional and anatomical situations can be restored after twelve months of regular follow-up and treatment.

Visual simulations of presbyopic corrections through cataract opacification.

Purpose: To study the viability of visual simulation of presbyopic correction in patients with cataract and the effect and impact of the cataract on the perceived visual quality of the different simulated presbyopic corrections preoperatively and postoperatively.

Setting: San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Design: Observational, noninterventional, pilot study, early feasibility of the device being studied.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Analysis in Children With Migraine With and Without Aura Using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in children with migraine, with and without aura, compared to healthy controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, patients with a diagnosis of migraine with aura (MwA) or without aura (MwoA) were considered and healthy children were included as controls. Age, sex, duration of migraine, number of episodes per month, duration of episodes, and use of prophylactic treatment with magnesium were recorded.

Bilateral solar maculopathy in a patient with bipolar disorder.

A case of solar maculopathy is described in a 36-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder. The patient reported directly looking at the sun for several hours in the setting of a bipolar disorder decompensation. The visual acuity was 0.

Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain on Structural and Functional Outcomes of Neovascular AMD Patients.

This is a retrospective single-center study of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration whose follow-up was delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic with at least three months between visits in Madrid, Spain. The purpose of the study was to evaluate best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes and try to identify features in optical coherence tomography (OCT) that could be related to more profound visual loss. It included 270 eyes.

Comparison of the efficacy of topical insulin with autologous serum eye drops in persistent epithelial defects of the cornea.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of topical insulin on epithelization in persistent epithelial defects (PED) refractory to usual treatment compared to autologous serum.

Design: Retrospective, consecutive case-control series.

Methods: The charts of 61 consecutive patients with PED treated with topical insulin (case group) and 23 treated with autologous serum (control group) were reviewed.

Bilateral solar maculopathy in a patient with bipolar disorder.

A case of solar maculopathy is described in a 36-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder. The patient reported directly looking at the sun for several hours in the setting of a bipolar disorder decompensation. The visual acuity was 0.