Effects of glyburide treatment on serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations and ratios in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were studied in 28 patients with newly detected non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) before and after combined dietary and glyburide treatment. The patients, aged 33 to 67 years and without coronary or other atherosclerotic diseases, displayed fasting blood sugar levels of over 140 mg/dl after four weeks of dietary treatment. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected before the beginning of the trial, after four weeks of dietary treatment, and after four and eight weeks of combined dietary and glyburide treatment.

Effects of glibenclamide on serum lipids, lipoproteins, thromboxane, beta-thromboglobulin, and prostacyclin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of glibenclamide on serum lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, thromboxane (TXA2), prostacyclin (PGI2), and beta-thromboglobulin (B-TGL) in patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In 20 NIDDM patients, aged 34 to 67 (mean, 53.6) years, without clinical signs of atherosclerotic disease and whose blood sugar level was over 140 mg/dl after four weeks of dietary treatment, fasting blood samples were taken before the beginning of the trial, after four weeks of dietary treatment, and after four and eight weeks of combined dietary and glibenclamide treatment.

Potentiation by previous nutrients of glibenclamide-induced insulin release in man. An effect which is counteracted by meal-induced retardation of drug absorption.

We have studied the impact of a previous meal on insulin and glucose responses to the subsequent administration of glibenclamide. Healthy volunteers and NIDDM patients ingested a standard low-carbohydrate breakfast, and glibenclamide was administered 110-120 min later either as an intravenous bolus (12.5 micrograms/kg body wt), or as a tablet (5 mg HB 419).

Increase in circulating basement membrane antigens in diabetic rats and effects of insulin treatment.

The serum concentrations of two recently discovered antigens derived from basement membranes (7-S collagen and laminin P2) were assayed in streptozotocin-diabetic rats as possible indicators of basement membrane metabolism. The concentrations of both increased significantly after 8 weeks of diabetes, and that of 7-S collagen at least remained elevated up to 24 weeks. Treatment with insulin, which did not correct the metabolic disturbances, inhibited the increase in the concentration of 7-S collagen in serum, but did not completely normalize that of laminin P2.

[Insulin analogues with substitution of A1-glycine by D-amino acids and omega-amino acids (author's transl)].

Substitution of A1-glycine of insulin by L-amino acids yields in analogues with low biological activity. With D-amino acids in A1 biological activity is essentially retained. The influence of aliphatic, aromatic, acidic and basic alpha-D-amino acids as well as omega-amino acids in A1 on the biological effects in different test systems is studied and discussed.

[Acylaminoalkyl substituted benzoic and phenylalkane acids with hypoglycaemic properties (author's transl)].

Newly developed carbonic acids with hypoglycaemic properties are presented. Their activity is based on an insulin secretion with unusual biphasic dynamics which is seen both after enteral and parenteral administration. In vitro, the substances described have an inhibitory effect on gluconeogenesis in the liver and lipolysis in adipose tissue.

[(A1-beta-Alanine) insulin].

Starting from porcine insulin, A1-glycine was substituted by beta-alanine. The blood sugar lowering effect of the new analogue in the rabbit is about 45% of that of insulin. The half-maximal binding to partially purified rat liver receptors is about 46%, to transformed human lymphocytes about 54%, compared to insulin.

Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes from Chlamydomonas reinhardi, y-1.

Location of electron transport chain components in chloroplast membranes of chlamydomonas reinhardi, y-1 was investigated by use of proteolytic digestion with soluble or insolubilized trypsin. Digestion of intact membrane vesicles with soluble trypsin inactivates the water-splitting system, the 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea inhibition site of Photosystem II, the electron transport between the two photosystems as well as the ferredoxin NADP reductase. Reduction of NADP with artificial electron donors for Photosystem I could be restored, however, by addition of purified reductase to trypsin-digested membranes.

On a water soluble factor neutralizing antibodies against the primary acceptor in photosynthetic electron transport of chloroplasts.

Rabbits immunized against the thylakoid system of chloroplasts form two different antibodies against the reducing site of photosystem I. One inhibits photosynthetic NADP(+) and ferredoxin dependent cytochrome c reduction, but not photosynthetic anthraquinone reduction by isolated spinach chloroplasts. The other inhibits all three reductions.