Iodine-131 pharmacokinetics in patients on hemodialysis for end stage renal disease: clinical implications.

Aim: Curative treatment of thyroid cancer is a major issue for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis because they might not be included in a renal transplant protocol once they have overcome this disease. Since 131I is mostly eliminated by the kidneys, there is concern regarding the toxicity, efficacy and feasibility of 131I-therapy of anuric dialyzed patients.

Methods: This paper reports on 131I uptake and elimination from remnant thyroid tissue (T), salivary glands (SG), stomach (S) and blood, after administration of 3.

Immunoradiometric assay of thyroglobulin in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas: need for thyroglobulin recovery tests.

As interference from thyroglobulin autoantibodies appears to have been overcome in new commercial thyroglobulin assays by the use of monoclonal antibodies, the need for thyroglobulin recovery tests became uncertain. Sera (n=45) from patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas were selected on the basis of a thyroglobulin recovery value below 70% in the Dynotest Tg immunoradiometric assay (Brahms) routinely used in our laboratory. Serum thyroglobulin levels were then measured using three other commercial immunoradiometric assays: thyroglobulin ERIA (Pasteur), HTGK (Sorin) and ELSA HTG (Cis Bio International).

First selective amygdalohippocampal radiosurgery for 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy'.

All the well-documented radiosurgery of epilepsy cases are secondary epilepsies with space-occupying lesions. These results have prompted the idea of testing radiosurgery as a new way of treating epilepsy without space-occupying lesions. We have treated 4 patients with 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy'.

Effect of drug transit time between exchange locus with plasma and sampling site.

In pharmacokinetic models used to describe the behavior of drugs in living organisms, generally neither the amount of drug flowing in pipes between compartments nor the transfer delay between the plasma-lymph exchange areas and a site of measurement are taken into account. Several former publications dealt with exchanges between two or more different organs assuming that the blood flow was constant or that the variation of the lymphatic flow was negligible or noting that the amount of drug present in pipes was not easily taken into account. In this article, we deal with concentration in a site of interstitial exchanges with regard to concentration in a sampling site with a varying blood flow, assuming that the transit time depends both on the fluid flow and the path length through pipes.

Sleep electroencephalogram at the early stage of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

We describe sleep EEG studies in three patients at the early stage of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Little work has been devoted to the study of the sleep EEG in the course of the CJ disease: disorganized sleep architecture was noted, associated with a decrease in stage 4 and an almost complete disappearance of the REM stage. Our patients were considered to have normal stage 2; yet spindles and K complexes were rare at this stage.

Kufs' disease presenting as progressive dementia with late-onset generalized seizures: a clinicopathological and electrophysiological study.

A 32-year-old woman presented with increasing motor difficulties and memory disturbances. Neurological examination only showed mild cerebellar and extrapyramidal symptoms, whereas neuropsychological evaluation disclosed severe cognitive changes consistent with dementia. Her motor and mental status progressively deteriorated until death, which occurred 5 years after the first admission.

[Musical hallucinations].

Musical hallucinations are rarely reported. Acquired deafness play an important role in their development. The anatomical and neurophysiological substrates for the musical hallucinations are unknown.

[Detection of respiratory allergies using the Phadiatop test in children 1 to 6 years of age].

Phadiatop, a new test for detecting hypersensitivity to airborne allergens, was used in 83 children aged 9 months to 6 years with recurrent respiratory manifestations, i.e. recurrent expiratory obstruction and/or recurrent respiratory infections.

[Diagnostic criteria of depressive pseudodementia].

Ten patients fulfilling the DSM III (A, B, C, D) criteria for both dementia and major depression and presenting the diagnostic dilemma of depressive pseudodementia were included in a prospective study in search of indices for the differential diagnosis of depressive pseudodementia (DPSD) and organic dementia (OD). Patients were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (BDRS), the Wells's criteria, the Mini Mental State (MMS), computerized tomography (CT scan) of the brain, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), total plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and sleep electroencephalograms (EEG). Patients suffering from DPSD were defined as showing an improvement higher than 50% in both the HDRS et BDRS scores following adequate antidepressant treatment.

Sensory evoked potentials in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Eight patients presenting with intermediate or terminal evolution of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) were investigated by means of evoked potentials. Fifteen age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. The 8 patients had well-recognizable but simplified flash evoked potentials (FEPs) consisting of P1 and N2 waves followed by a single late positive (P2) deflection.

[Multimodal evoked potentials in human immunodeficiency virus infection].

We have studied 95 HIV seropositive patients (77 males and 18 females; mean age: 31 years): 67 had no neurological symptoms or signs, 28 had various neurological symptoms and signs. This study included a full multimodal evoked potentials (MEP) assessment: visual evoked potentials by flash and reversal checkerboard; brainstem auditory evoked potentials; somatosensory evoked potentials obtained by stimulation of the median nerve. Patient evaluation further included: electroencephalography, electromyography with measurement of conduction velocities and neuroimaging (brain CT scan and/or MRI).

[Multimodal evoked potentials in partial epilepsy in children].

A multimodal evoked potential study was realised in three groups of children or adolescents 5 to 15 years old. The first group included 25 normal non-epileptic subjects; the second group was composed of 27 subjects with partial idiopathic epilepsy (PIE) (benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spike; childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms); the third group was formed of 20 subjects with partial symptomatic epilepsy (PSE) without patent anatomical lesion or with anatomical lesion. Recording for each subject included: flash visual evoked potentials, pattern visual evoked potentials, brainstem auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials.

[Somatosensory evoked potentials and action myoclonus].

The authors studied the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in 16 cases of myoclonic encephalopathies: 8 cases of dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica (DCM); 2 cases of dyssynergia cerebellaris progressiva (DCP); 2 cases of Lafora's disease; 1 case of ceroid lipofuscinosis; 3 unclassifiable myoclonic syndromes. The mean age of the patients was 18 years and the mean duration of pre-study evolution was 10 years. All the patients had been treated by anticonvulsant drugs (phenobarbital, valproic acid, benzodiazepines).

[Changes in sleep pattern in presenile and senile dementia (author's transl)].

Analysis of polygraphic recordings of nocturnal sleep in 21 patients with "degenerative" dementia led to the identification of two types of tracing. The first type was characterised by morphologically normal sleep with more marked quantitative changes than those caused by simple aging. In the second type, the criteria of identification of the physiological stages of sleep disappeared, requiring special definition of the E.

Regional femur blood flow measurements with radiolabelled microspheres in fatty liver-induced or corticosteroid treated animals: preliminary report.

Using radio-labelled microspheres, the authors studied bone blood flows in various segments of goose femurs (femoral head, trochanter, condyles). Experiments were conducted on three groups of geese: control, fatty liver induced and corticosteroid-treated animals. The preliminary results suggest that hyperlipemia and fatty liver conditions do not seem to obviously disturb intra osseous blood circulation in fatty geese, although corticosteroids might affect bone blood flows in condyles.

[Electroclinical and CAT-encephalographic symptomatology of lipomas of the corpus callosum].

An analysis of four cases with lipomas of the corpus callosum with epilepsy and of some data in the literature has led to the following conclusions: 1) Epilepsy: a nearly constant feature is often severe always partial and begins before the age of fifteen; 2) Pathophysiology of the seizures: abandoning the classic theory that they depend upon an infiltration of the cingulate gyri by fibrous tissue growing out from the capsule of the lipoma, the authors consider that the essential mechanism is represented by the interhemispheric disconnection. This latter is responsible for a facilitory and disinhibitory action which would favour the appearance of seizures under the effects of an epileptogenic lesion, the effect of which would remain sub-threshold in the presence of an intact corpus callosum, playing its normal inhibitory role.

Lipomas of the corpus callosum and epilepsy.

An analysis of four cases of lipomas of the corpus callosum with epilepsy, and a review of the literature, have led to the following conclusions: (1) Epilepsy as an almost constant feature is often severe, nearly always partial, and begins before the age of 15. (2) Pathophysiology of the seizures appears to be essentially an interhemispheric disconnection (rather than the classic theory that seizures depend upon an infiltration of the cingulate gyri by fibrous tissue growing out from the capsule of the lipoma). This disconnection is responsible for a facilitatory and disinhibitory action that favors the appearance of seizures caused by an epileptogenic lesion (the effects of which remain subthreshold in the presence of an intact corpus callosum playing its normal inhibitory role).

[Local osseous blood flow measured with radioactive microspheres: correlations with intra-medullary pressures].

The authors studied in the dog, using radioactive microspheres, the blood bone outputs of the trochanter, the femoral diaphysis and the tibial diaphysis, and measured, in a simultaneous fashion, the intra-medullar pressures in these bone regions. A same hierarchy of outputs is consistently found in all animals : the trochentarian outputs are always the highest, and next come, in decreasing order, the outputs of the femoral diaphyses and the tibias. On the other hand, the intra-medullar pressures, although differing according to the bone regions, always have rather superposable rates, so that the neighboring intra-medullar pressures always correspond to radically different outputs.

[Evaluation of one year experience with cerebral tomodensitometry in pediatric neurology].

Cerebral tomography allows the delineation of areas modified by edema or necrosis, the visualization of calcifications undetectable by standard x-ray examination, extra- or intra-cerebral blood effusions and neoformations of the cerebrum or of its envelopes. It also reveals slight or localized cerebral atrophies that other neuro-radiologic techniques sometimes failed to detect. It appears therefore worthwhile to reconsider pediatric neurology according to this new type of investigation.

Computerized tomography in the study of West's syndrome.

37 children presenting with West's syndrome were studied by computerized tomography scanning. An abnormality consisting of diffuse cerebral atrophy, predominating in the fronto-temporal region, was demonstrated in 30 cases. The abnormality was sometimes associated with calcification (tuberous sclerosis) or malformation (agenesis of the corpus callosum).