[Melanoma : the patient's care pathway. From diagnosis to therapy].

The management of melanoma is a typical example of a pluridisciplinary approach, in order to provide the patient with a rapid and adequate treatment plan after the initial diagnosis. Both in the domains of dermatology, pathology and oncology, enormous progress has been made. Recent advances permit a rapid access to diagnostic techniques using teledermoscopy, an improved diagnostic accuracy using dermoscopy, pre-interventional high-frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, a determination of risk factors using immunohistochemistry and genetic analyses on the pathology samples.

[Aid of artificial intelligence for the anatomo-pathological diagnosis of tumours].

The anatomo-pathological diagnosis of tumors is based on many criteria related mainly to image analysis. Currently, in most pathology laboratories, tissues or cells are placed on glass slides and directly analyzed with an optical microscope. Because of technological evolutions, it is currently possible to digitize slides (digital pathology).

Cutaneous Breast Cancer Metastases Successfully Treated Using an Oxygen Flow Assisted Topical Administration of Methotrexate (OFAMTX).

Introduction: Cutaneous metastases of breast cancer remain a therapeutic challenge. Oxygen flow-assisted topical administration of methotrexate 5% (OFAMTX, 5% methotrexate in a carrier solution) has recently been proven to be an efficacious alternative treatment for extramammary Paget's disease, which is considered to be an in situ mammary adenocarcinoma of the epidermis.

Case Report: A 51-year-old patient with triple negative breast cancer presenting with biopsy-proven skin metastases on the chest agreed to a treatment with OFAMTX5%.

Giant morphea-form basal cell carcinoma of the umbilicus: Successful debulking with vismodegib.

Basal cell carcinoma of the umbilicus is very rare. The nodular subtype is the main representative. Giant basal cell carcinomas represent around 1% of all basal cell carcinomas.

Melanoma masquerading as nonmelanocytic lesions.

Increased awareness among dermatologists as well as the development of dermoscopy and sequential dermoscopy have contributed significantly toward an increase in the diagnostic accuracy of pigmented melanoma and even of amelanotic melanoma. However, the dermatologist's nightmare is the small group of melanomas that present as common skin diseases, often associated with a significant delay in diagnosis and hence a poor prognosis. The study was carried out to prospectively assess the number of melanomas lacking any clinical suspicion of melanoma and to describe their clinical and histological features over a 6-year observation period in an University Tertiary Skin Cancer Center.

Tandem inversion duplication within F8 Intron 1 associated with mild haemophilia A.

In approximately 90% of mild haemophilia A (HA) patients, a missense mutation can be identified using complete gene sequencing. In this study, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed as a second step in 10 French-speaking Belgian with mild HA presenting no detectable causal mutation by complete sequencing of the factor VIII (FVIII) (F8) gene's 26 exons and its 1.2 kb of contiguous promoter sequence.

Dermal ultrastructure in low Beighton score members of 17 families with hypermobile-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

The distinction between the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobile type (EDSH) and the benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare skin ultrastructural abnormalities of EDSH and BJHS among different families. Skin of 23 EDSH, 27 BJHS, and 41 asymptomatic subjects from 17 families was examined using transmission electron microscopy.

Revisiting cutaneous adverse reactions to pemetrexed.

Pemetrexed (Alimta®) is a multitargeted antifolate drug approved as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of a small number of malignancies including advanced and metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and malignant pleural mesothelioma. This review reports the recent peer-reviewed publications and original findings regarding cutaneous adverse reactions (CARs) to pemetrexed. Pemetrexed-related CARs are frequently reported under the unspecific term 'skin rash'.

Smouldering malignant melanoma and metastatic dormancy: an update and review.

The fund of knowledge regarding the versatility of presentation of MM metastases is still quite incomplete. The recent literature pertaining to the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying two special features of MM metastasis is reviewed. On the one hand, a long disease-free interval (MM dormancy) may occur before the surge of overt metastases.

Molecular dermatopathology in malignant melanoma.

At present, immunohistochemistry is taken for granted in the establishment of malignant melanoma (MM) diagnosis. In recent years, molecular diagnosis in dermatopathology has benefited from a vast array of advances in the fields of genomics and proteomics. Sensitive techniques are available for detecting specific DNA and RNA sequences by molecular hybridization.

[Finding the drug in cutaneous drug eruptions].

Drug eruptions are frequently encountered. Their putative diagnosis is based on a set of imputability arguments. The histopathological aspect is often evocative of the nature of the dermatosis.

[Mammary Paget's disease].

Mammary Paget's disease is an intraepithelial carcinoma present on the nipple and its areola. The tumor typically develops in middle aged women. It is frequently associated or contiguous to an underlying galactophoric adenocarcinoma.

[Unraveling the ichthyosis types].

Ichthyoses are hereditary and sometimes acquired diseases of keratinisation. They are heterogeneous according to their clinical and histopathological presentations, as well as to the nature of their molecular and genetic alterations. We present the most frequent types of hereditary ichthyoses.

'Malignant melanoma microecosystem': Immunohistopathological insights into the stromal cell phenotype.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) is rooted in the dermal connective tissue, which consists of apparently unremarkable stromal cells as they appear upon regular histopathological examination. However, a number of in vitro studies have shown that these cells produce diverse types of cytokines, growth factors and enzymes in excess. In addition, they store and probably release various structural components of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

[How I explore...a skin tumor in a transplant patient].

Immunosuppressive therapy associated with organ transplant leads to an increased risk to develop skin cancers. In such circumstances, squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas represent the most frequent tumors. Other neoplasms include malignant melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi disease.

Intense pulsed-light therapy for proliferative haemangiomas of infancy.

Infantile haemangioma therapy has long been a wait-and-see policy. Since recent development of laser and light therapy, pulsed dye laser has been successfully used for treating superficial haemangiomas. Few studies have been published about treatment with intense pulsed light (IPL) to assess the risk/benefit of IPL in the treatment of infantile haemangiomas during their early proliferative phase.

Facing towards epidermal stem cells (Review).

Skin contains somatic stem cells that generate keratinocyte, melanocyte and mesenchymal cell lineages. These somatic stem cells have traditionally been thought to be restricted in their differentiation and regeneration potential to the tissues in which they reside. This review focused on epidermal stem cells (ESCs).

Phosphorylated HER-2 tyrosine kinase and Her-2/neu gene amplification as predictive factors of response to trastuzumab in patients with HER-2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Aim: Trastuzumab (T), a humanised monoclonal antibody against HER-2, is active in HER-2-positive MBC patients. However, nearly 60% of the patients do not benefit from T, stressing the need for additional predictive markers. The following markers could be implicated in response to T: (1) the magnitude of Her-2 gene amplification; (2) the co-expression of the other HER family receptors, possibly responsible for HER-2 trans-activation; (3) the activated status of HER-2; (4) the activated status of downstream effectors as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 and p27.

[Clinical case of the month: clostridium difficile colitis].

A 55-year-old patient with mant e cels underwent a cytotoxic chemotherapy (D.H.A.

[Inflammatory leiomyosarcoma: a case report].

We report an additional case of inflammatory leiomyosarcoma, arising in the shoulder of a 31-year-old male. The rare inflammatory variant of leiomyosarcoma tends to affect young adults. Histologically it is characterized by a prominent lymphohistiocytic infiltrate often masking fascicles of spindle cells, as well as the presence of clusters of xanthoma cells and psammoma bodies.

[Multifocal germ cell tumors].

A 16-year old male presented with a mediastinal germ cell tumor (seminoma) treated by combined surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Nine years later, he presented with an intracerebral germ cell tumor affecting both the suprasellar ventricles and the pineal area. After partial removal of the intraventricular tumor, the patient received radiotherapy and chemotherapy.