Pyrethroid poisoning: Insecticide with mild human toxicity.

Background: Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used insecticides. This study was undertaken to characterize the clinical profile and outcome of deliberate self-harm (DSH) with type 1 and type 2 pyrethroids and identify factors associated with need for hospitalization.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India to study the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of patients with pyrethroid poisoning due to DSH.

A telerehabilitation program to improve visual perception in children and adolescents with hemianopia consecutive to a brain tumor: a single-arm feasibility and proof-of-concept trial.

Background: Brain tumor in children can induce hemianopia, a loss of conscious vision, profoundly impacting their development and quality of life, yet no effective intervention exists for this pediatric population. This study aimed to explore the feasibility, safety, and potential effectiveness of a home-based audiovisual stimulation in immersive virtual-reality (3D-MOT-IVR) to improve visual function and functional vision.

Methods: In a phase 2a, open-labeled, nonrandomized, single-arm study, conducted from July 2022 to October 2023 (NCT05065268), 10 children and adolescents with stable hemianopia were enrolled to perform 20-min sessions of 3D-MOT-IVR every other day for six weeks from home.

Factors Associated With Early Computed Tomography Imaging in Children Hospitalized With Severe Orbital Infections.

Objective: We identified factors associated with computed tomographic (CT) imaging within 24 hours of emergency department (ED) presentation in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections.

Patients And Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted that included children aged 2 months to 18 years between 2009 and 2018 who were admitted to the hospital with severe orbital infections, including periorbital and orbital cellulitis. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to identify possible factors associated with receiving a CT scan within 24 hours of ED presentation.

Sex-specific associations between self-reported physical activity and PTSD among survivors of sexual violence.

This study examined sex-specific associations between sexual violence (SV) type and physical activity, and identified associations between PTSD symptoms and physical activity, all among cisgender men and women survivors of SV. Cross-sectional data from men (n = 197) and women (n = 356) survivors of SV were analyzed with stratified (men; women) hierarchical logistic regressions. Additionally, fully adjusted models for the total sample included interaction terms to further assess whether associations between SV type as well as PTSD symptoms (sum, clusters) and physical activity differed significantly by sex.

Abscess volume as a predictor of surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis: A multicentre cohort study.

Importance: Orbital cellulitis with subperiosteal or orbital abscess can result in serious morbidity and mortality in children. Objective volume criterion measurement on cross-sectional imaging is a useful clinical tool to identify patients with abscess who may require surgical drainage.

Objective: To determine the predictive value of abscess volume and the optimal volume cut-point for surgical intervention.

Variation in the Management of Hospitalized Children With Orbital Cellulitis Over 10 Years.

Objectives: No previous study has examined the management of hospitalized children with orbital cellulitis at both children's and community hospitals across multiple sites in Canada. We describe variation and trends over time in diagnostic testing and imaging, adjunctive agents, empiric antibiotics, and surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis.

Patients And Methods: Multicenter cohort study of 1579 children aged 2 months to 18 years with orbital cellulitis infections admitted to 10 hospitals from 2009 to 2018.

Magnetization transfer saturation reveals subclinical optic nerve injury in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Background: The presence of subclinical optic nerve (ON) injury in youth living with pediatric-onset MS has not been fully elucidated. Magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameter sensitive to myelin density and microstructural integrity, which can be applied to the study of the ON.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of subclinical ON abnormalities in pediatric-onset MS by means of magnetization transfer saturation and evaluate their association with other structural and functional parameters of visual pathway integrity.

Machine learning classification of multiple sclerosis in children using optical coherence tomography.

Background: In children, multiple sclerosis (MS) is the ultimate diagnosis in only 1/5 to 1/3 of cases after a first episode of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. As the visual pathway is frequently affected in MS and other CNS demyelinating disorders (DDs), structural retinal imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to differentiate MS.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the utility of machine learning (ML) based on OCT features to identify distinct structural retinal features in children with DDs.

Factors Associated with Surgery and Imaging Characteristics in Severe Orbital Infections.

Objectives: To evaluate risk factors associated with surgical intervention and subperiosteal/orbital abscess in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections.

Study Design: We conducted a multicenter cohort study of children 2 months to 18 years hospitalized with periorbital or orbital cellulitis from 2009 to 2018 at 10 hospitals in Canada. Clinical details were extracted, and patients were categorized as undergoing surgical or medical-only management.

Progressive retinal changes in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Objectives To determine to what extent acute demyelinating episodes versus chronic degenerative phenomena drive retinal neuroaxonal damage in pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS). Methods We acquired optical coherence tomography (OCT) data (follow-up range: 2 weeks - 5 years, at variable intervals from presentation) in pediatric participants who had multiple sclerosis (MS), monophasic ADS, or were healthy. Multivariable mixed effects models were used to assess the association of the number of demyelinating episodes (either optic neuritis [ON], or non-ON relapses) with changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness.

Prevalence of Choroidal Abnormalities and Lisch Nodules in Children Meeting Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of choroidal abnormalities (CAs) and Lisch nodules (LNs) in children who met the clinical diagnostic criteria (CDC) alone and those with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis (MCD) of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and to ascertain any differences between the groups.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. All children who met the CDC and/or had MCD of NF1 and underwent eye examination were included.

Characteristics of COVID-19 infection clusters occurring among workers in several Asia-Pacific countries.

The types of workplaces and occupations with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) clusters vary between countries and periods. We aimed to characterize major occupational groups with mass outbreaks of COVID-19 infections in several Asia-Pacific countries. Data on the major occupations or workplaces reporting COVID-19 cases in workplaces from January 2020 to July 2021 was collected from industrial hygiene professionals in nine countries.

Optic disk anatomical features of children with central retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To report a case series of children with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) showing a high prevalence of crowded optic disks with minimal cupping.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children diagnosed with CRVO from 2008 to 2019 at a single tertiary care pediatric hospital. Clinical records, fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were reviewed.

Predicting antitubercular drug-induced liver injury and its outcome and introducing a novel scoring system.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, mainly in developing countries. Despite the availability of highly effective first-line antitubercular (ATT) drugs, ATT drug-induced liver injury (ATT DILI) leads to treatment interruption and consequently loss of therapeutic efficacy.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study from India, all consecutive patients who met inclusion criteria and started on ATT were included.

Overview of Legal Measures for Managing Workplace COVID-19 Infection Risk in Several Asia-Pacific Countries.

Background: Despite the lack of official COVID-19 statistics, various workplaces and occupations have been at the center of COVID-19 outbreaks. We aimed to compare legal measures and governance established for managing COVID-19 infection risks at workplaces in nine Asia and Pacific countries and to recommend key administrative measures.

Methods: We collected information on legal measures and governance from both general citizens and workers regarding infection risks such as COVID-19 from industrial hygiene professionals in nine countries (Indonesia, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Republic of the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand) using a structured questionnaire.

Visual field outcomes in children treated for neurofibromatosis type 1-associated optic pathway gliomas: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Optic pathway gliomas associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1-OPGs) may adversely affect visual acuity, but data regarding visual field (VF) outcomes after treatment in children are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of NF1-OPGs on VF function in a large cohort of children after treatment with chemotherapy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, international, multicenter study of VF outcomes in patients treated with chemotherapy for NF1-OPGs.

Care and outcomes of Canadian children hospitalised with periorbital and orbital cellulitis: protocol for a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Skin and soft tissue infections of the eye can be classified based on anatomic location as either anterior to the orbital septum (ie, periorbital cellulitis) or posterior to the orbital septum (ie, orbital cellulitis). These two conditions are often considered together in hospitalised children as clinical differentiation is difficult, especially in young children. Prior studies have identified variation in management of hospitalised children with orbital cellulitis; however, they have been limited either as single centre studies or by the use of administrative data which lacks clinical details important for interpreting variation in care.

STAT6 knockdown using multiple siRNA sequences inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human colorectal and breast cancer cell lines.

The transcription factor STAT6 is strongly expressed in various tumours and is most highly expressed in human malignant lymphomas and pancreatic, colorectal, prostate and breast cancers. STAT6 is associated with cancer cell proliferation, an increased malignancy and poor prognosis. Thus, techniques aimed at reducing or blocking STAT6 expression may be useful in treating STAT6high cancers.

Demonstration of anatomical development of the human macula within the first 5 years of life using handheld OCT.

Purpose: To demonstrate the anatomical development of the human macula using handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) during the first 5 years of life.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, observational case series. Thirty-five normal eyes of 35 full-term/late preterm infants and children under 5 years of age were included.