Increased diagnostic probability of subclinical Cushing's syndrome in a population sample of overweight adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome (CS) is unusual. Patients with subclinical CS (SCS) present altered cortisol dynamics without obvious manifestations. CS occurs in 2-3% of obese poorly controlled diabetics.

[Polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk and the role of insulin sensitizing agents].

The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 6 to 10% of women of childbearing age. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are present in nearly all PCOS patients and play a central role in the development of both hyperandrogenism and metabolic syndrome (MS). MS occurs in approximately 43% of PCOS patients, raising the cardiovascular risk to up seven fold in these patients.

[Primary adrenal insufficiency in adults: 150 years after Addison].

Thomas Addison first described, 150 years ago, a clinical syndrome characterized by salt-wasting and skin hyperpigmentation, associated with a destruction of the adrenal gland. Even today, over a century after Addison's report, primary adrenal insufficiency can present as a life-threatening condition, since it frequently goes unrecognized in its early stages. In the 1850s, tuberculous adrenalitis was present in the majority of patients, but nowadays, autoimmune Addison's disease is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency.

[Prevalence of immunologic markers (Anti-GAD and Anti-IA2) in first-degree relatives of patients with type I diabetes in the greater area of São Paulo].

Background: Increasingly accurate prediction of Type I Diabetes Mellitus (DMI), based on analysis of autoantibody markers, has become possible in first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes (PDMI). These markers indicate autoimmune process against pancreatic islet beta-cells. Anti-GAD and anti-IA2 are considered predictive of DMI, whose prevalences are considerably variable in different populations studied.