Electronic cigarettes: "wolves in sheep's clothing".

Objective: To provide cutting-edge information on the impact and risks of using Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) by children and adolescents, based on the latest evidence published in the literature.

Data Source: A comprehensive search was carried out on PubMed, using the expressions ''electronic cigarettes'' OR ''electronic nicotine delivery systems" OR "vaping" AND ''adolescent'' AND "risks" AND ''acute lung injury'. All retrieved articles had their titles and abstracts read to identify and fully read the papers reporting the most recent evidence on each subject.

Telehealth for children and adolescents with chronic pulmonary disease: systematic review.

Objective: To revise the impact of telehealth on the quality of life, reduction in pulmonary exacerbations, number of days using antibiotics, adherence to treatment, pulmonary function, emergency visits, hospitalizations, and the nutritional status of individuals with asthma and cystic fibrosis.

Data Source: Four databases were used, MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science and Cochrane, as well as manual searches in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Randomized clinical trials, published between January 2010 and December 2020, with participants aged 0 to 20 years, were included.

Respiratory function of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta: respiratory muscle strength, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the respiratory function of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) followed up at a referral center.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample. Manovacuometry was performed with the measurement of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and in addition, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and ventilometry were performed to measure forced vital capacity (FVC).

Functional status of individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: data from a reference center.

Objective: To evaluate the functional status of individuals with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) followed up at a reference center in the state of Bahia.

Materials And Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study, which evaluated individuals with OI, based on a non-probabilistic sampling. To assess motor function, the Motor Function Measure (MFM) score was used, in addition to the measurement of muscle strength using the Medical Research Council (MRC) score.

Hidden hearing loss in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia.

Objective: To evaluate the auditory system for hidden hearing loss (HHL) and its association with clinical variables and endothelial dysfunction (ED) in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA).

Methods: Participants included 37 patients with stable SCA and 44 healthy controls (HC group) (aged 6-18 years) with hearing thresholds ≤ 20 dB (dB) were evaluated for pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex, otoacoustic emission, and auditory evoked potentials. Laboratory analysis of the lipid profile, and C-reactive protein levels and endothelial function using ultrasonographic imaging of the brachial artery to assess flow-mediated dilation were performed.

Description of rare mutations and a novel variant in Brazilian patients with Cystic Fibrosis: a case series from a referral center in the Bahia State.

Knowledge of the genetic profile of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) contributes to a better understanding of the genotype/phenotype relationship, particularly in mixed populations such as in Brazil. To describe clinical data of CF patients with rare or not yet observed CFTR gene mutations in Brazil. It was a case series of CF patients followed-up at a referral center.

Sensorineural hearing loss in children with sickle cell anemia and its association with endothelial dysfunction.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and its association with endothelial dysfunction (ED).

Methods: Fifty-two participants with stable SCA and 44 apparently healthy (AA genotype) participants aged 6-18 years were evaluated for pure tone audiometry and endothelial function using ultrasonographic imaging of the brachial artery to assess flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Laboratory analysis of the lipid profile and C-reactive protein levels was performed.

Associations between endothelial dysfunction and clinical and laboratory parameters in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia.

Background: Hematological changes can drive damage of endothelial cells, which potentially lead to an early endothelial dysfunction in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). An association may exist between endothelial dysfunction and several clinical manifestations of SCA. The present study aims to evaluate the links between changes in endothelial function and clinical and laboratory parameters in children and adolescents with SCA.

Association between endothelial dysfunction and otoneurological symptoms in children with sickle cell disease.

Objective: To evaluate the association between endothelial dysfunction and otoneurological symptoms and vaso-occlusive phenomena in children with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 54 children, aged between 6 and19 years of age, of whom 28 had genotype SS and 26 apparently healthy (AA genotype) whose parents or guardians, or the children themselves, filled out a questionnaire designed to assess their otoneurological symptoms. All the individuals were submitted assessment of endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) percentage with reactive hyperemia of brachial artery Doppler.

Obstructive sleep apnea and asthma.

Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing, especially obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), are common in asthma patients and have been associated with asthma severity. It is known that asthma symptoms tend to be more severe at night and that asthma-related deaths are most likely to occur during the night or early morning. Nocturnal symptoms occur in 60-74% of asthma patients and are markers of inadequate control of the disease.