The emergency contraceptive pill in Brazil: High usage rates but schooling differences persist.

Objectives: This paper aims to analyze usage rates for the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) among women living in the city of São Paulo and their associated factors.

Study Design: A population based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 with a probabilistic sample of 4,000 women aged 15 to 44 living in São Paulo, Brazil. Response rate for households was 75% and 77% for eligible women.

The contribution of Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva to gender and health studies.

This paper aims to explore Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva's contributions to gender and health studies. Therefore, mapping was carried out through the SciELO platform, using the terms gender, man/men, woman/women, youth/youths, adolescent/adolescents. A total of 164 papers were selected, categorized by year of publication, type of study, population, topics addressed, and method.

[Differences in contraceptive practice in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: results of the Ouvindo Mulheres population survey].

Contraception is essential for women to be able to regulate their fertility, exercising a key dimension of reproductive rights. However, little is known about how women deal with this challenge in Brazil's largest city, São Paulo. To fill this gap, the population survey Ouvindo Mulheres: Contracepção no Município de São Paulo was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 4,000 women 15 to 44 years of age living in this city in 2015.

Typologies of violence against women in Brazil: A latent class analysis of how violence and HIV intersect.

We address the limited understanding around the overlap between violence and HIV in Brazil. Data was from two clinic-based samples of HIV-positive (=1534) and HIV-negative women (=1589) in São Paulo and Porto Alegre. We conducted latent class analysis and identified violence typologies by type of violence, life course timing, frequency, and perpetrator, stratified by city and HIV-status.

Drivers of Sexual Inactivity Among Women Living with HIV and AIDS: Findings of the GENIH Study in São Paulo, Brazil.

The advances on HIV/AIDS diagnosis and treatment have enabled people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) better quality of life. However, the persistence of HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and the risks triggered by HIV disclosure, may be a barrier to the sexual exercise of PLHA. We investigated the prevalence of sexual inactivity and the reasons given for it among a representative sample of women of reproductive age living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil.

Differences and similarities in women living and not living with HIV: contributions by the GENIH study to sexual and reproductive healthcare.

This quantitative study in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, compared contexts of social vulnerability and sexual and reproductive behavior in a sample of 975 women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHIV) and 1,003 women not living with HIV, the latter recruited among users of the primary healthcare system. WLHIV experienced situations of greater vulnerability that potentially increased their risk of HIV infection and unplanned pregnancy and abortion. Compared to women users of the primary healthcare system, WLHIV reported higher rates of drug use, sex for money, exposure to intimate partner violence, difficulties in access to services for prevention and early diagnosis, unplanned pregnancies, induced abortion, and teenage pregnancy.

Preventing syndemic Zika virus, HIV/STIs and unintended pregnancy: dual method use and consistent condom use among Brazilian women in marital and civil unions.

Syndemic Zika virus, HIV and unintended pregnancy call for an urgent understanding of dual method (condoms with another modern non-barrier contraceptive) and consistent condom use. Multinomial and logistic regression analysis using data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS), a nationally representative household survey of reproductive-aged women in Brazil, identified the socio-demographic, fertility and relationship context correlates of exclusive non-barrier contraception, dual method use and condom use consistency. Among women in marital and civil unions, half reported dual protection (30% condoms, 20% dual methods).

[Trajectories of women living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. Progress and permanence of the response to the epidemic].

This article analyzes the trajectories of 85 women living with HIV/AIDS in six Brazilian cities: Belém, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Goiânia, Recife and Pelotas, to understand some specific aspects of their experiences before and after diagnosis. It is based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2009 addressing women diagnosed with HIV between 1 and 20 years previously. The results show a profile characterized by limited access to school, health services and labor and a marked presence of violence.

Differences in the Access to Sterilization between Women Living and Not Living with HIV: Results from the GENIH Study, Brazil.

Background: In many countries, young women of reproductive age have been especially affected by the HIV epidemic, which have fostered research to better understand how HIV infection influences and shapes women´s fertility and reproductive and sexual decisions. In Brazil, few studies have focused on the impact of the HIV epidemic on contraceptive choices among women living with HIV (WLHIV).

Objective: This study evaluates the impact HIV infection may have in the access to female sterilization in Brazil, using a time-to-event analysis.

Dual protection to address the global syndemic of HIV and unintended pregnancy in Brazil.

Background: Syndemic HIV and unintended pregnancy is prevalent in Brazil, where 79% of female HIV cases occur in women of reproductive age and 55% of all pregnancies are unintended. Although increasing condom use to prevent HIV may decrease non-barrier contraception and increase unintended pregnancy, few studies focus on dual protection or dual methods (condoms with another modern contraceptive).

Aim: To describe the correlates of dual method use and consistent condom use in women of reproductive age in Brazil.

Prevention of the heterosexual HIV infection among women: Is it possible to think about strategies without considering their reproductive demands?

This article aims to discuss the prevention of the heterosexual HIV infection among women, considering and relationship between this practice and their reproductive demands, based on a critical analysis of the recent literature on the issue. It is assumed the relative exhaustion in the discourse about male condom use in all sexual relations, and the need to recognize that for many women in childbearing age, HIV prevention cannot be dissociated of the contraception practices, although the symbolic and technologically distinction between them. Furthermore, not always the contexts in which the sex occurs allows preventive practices.

Dual Protection and Dual Methods in Women Living with HIV: The Brazilian Context.

The cooccurrence of HIV and unintended pregnancy has prompted a body of work on dual protection, the simultaneous protection against HIV and unintended pregnancy. This study examines dual protection and dual methods as a risk-reduction strategy for women living with HIV. Data are from a cross-sectional sample of HIV-positive women attended in Specialized STI/AIDS Public Health Service Clinics in 13 municipalities from all five regions of Brazil 2003-2004 (N = 834).

[Motives and circumstances surrounding induced abortion among women living with HIV in Brazil].

The impact of HIV/AIDS infection on the decision of women living with HIV/AIDS to interrupt a pregnancy remains an understudied topic. In an effort to understand the influence of HIV/AIDS diagnosis on abortion practices, a qualitative study was carried out in seven Brazilian municipalities with women living with HIV/AIDS who reported inducing an abortion at some point in their lives. This study presents the analysis of interviews with thirty women who became pregnant after diagnosis.

Access to safe abortion: building choices for women living with HIV and AIDS.

In many areas of the world where HIV prevalence is high, rates of unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion have also been shown to be high. Of all pregnancies worldwide in 2008, 41% were reported as unintended or unplanned, and approximately 50% of these ended in abortion. Of the estimated 21.

[Induced abortion in women of reproductive age living with and without HIV/Aids in Brazil].

This study aimed to identify and compare the characteristics of women living (WLHA) and not living with HIV/AIDS (WNLHA) regarding the report of lifetime induced abortion. Data from 1,777 MVHA and 2,045 MNVHA were collected between November 2003 and December 2004 during a cross-sectional study carried out in 13 municipalities of Brazil. After adjustment for confounding variables, 13.

[Contexts of HIV vulnerability among Brazilian women].

This article aims to identify contexts of vulnerability related to HIV among Brazilian women. From November 2003 to December 2004, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 municipalities in the five Brazilian regions. The study included 1,777 women with a positive HIV diagnosis and 2,045 women attending public health care services.

[Access to sexual health care for women who have sex with women in São Paulo, Brazil].

This article focuses on the relationship between health care for women who have sex with women and representations of gender, sexuality, and the body. The study used ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews held from 2003 to 2006, with 30 women ranging from 18 to 45 years of age, belonging to different social segments, backgrounds, and sexual identities, living in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo. Analysis of the material pointed to greater difficulty in accessing gynecological care for lower-income women, those who had never had sex with men, or those with masculine body language.

[Trends in condom use: Brazil 1998 and 2005].

Objective: To analyze the levels, tendencies and sociodemographic differentials of condom use among the Brazilian urban population.

Methods: The data analyzed was collected in 1998 and 2005, in the study, "Sexual Behavior and Perceptions of the Brazilian Population concerning HIV/Aids". The probabilistic samples, in multiple stages, included men and women aged 16 to 65 years old, living in urban areas.

[Sexual behavior and practices among men and women, Brazil 1998 and 2005].

Objective: To compare basic findings from two studies on sexual behavior and practices among women and men and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics of this population.

Methods: Data analyzed were obtained by a questionnaire applied to a probabilistic sample comprised of 3,423 people in 1998, and 5,040 people in 2005, all aged between 16 and 65 years, and living in urban areas of Brazil. Comparative analyses were performed by sex and year of research, and according to sociodemographic variables, using Pearson's chi-square test.

Notes on the female condom: experiences in Brazil.

A nationwide effort to introduce the female condom (FC) into public health services was undertaken in Brazil in 1998-99. To this end, the Ministry of Health sponsored a national research group of public health professionals, aided by local field workers and supervisors, to conduct a preparatory study at 20 sites in six cities. Clinic health workers were trained to conduct the study.

[Women who have sex with women: estimates for Brazil].

This paper analyzes the proportion of Brazilian women who have sex with women, considering three time periods. The data are from a national population-based survey from 1998. The proportion of the female population who reported having any same-sex relations during their lifetime decreased from 3% to 1.