Association of lifestyle factors with semen quality: A pilot study conducted in men from the Portuguese Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro region followed in fertility support consultations.

A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in men followed in fertility consultations, from the portuguese Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro region, in order to associate several lifestyle factors with the spermatic parameters. Of a total of 522 men, 373 were compared based on the occupational exposure to harmful factors, smoking habits and practice of physical exercise per week, and the other 149 men according to their body mass index (normal weight vs. overweight vs.

Implementation of Humane Endpoints in a Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis Study in Rats.

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of several biological parameters for the prediction of tumor development and animal welfare in a rat model of urinary bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: The control group (n=9) received tap water while the test group (n=12) received the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water. A score sheet with biological variables was used to monitor animals' welfare.

The N-butyl-N-4-hydroxybutyl Nitrosamine Mouse Urinary Bladder Cancer Model.

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a common and complex malignancy, with a multifactorial etiology, like environmental factors, such as cigarette smoking, occupational exposure, and genetic factors.UBC exhibits considerable genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Among all UBC lesions, urothelial carcinoma is the most frequently observed histological type.

Synergistic Effect of Carboplatin and Piroxicam on Two Bladder Cancer Cell Lines.

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of carboplatin and piroxicam, both in isolation and combined, against T24 and 5637 human urinary bladder cancer cell lines.

Materials And Methods: Cell viability, drug interaction, cell morphology, cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed after 72 h of drug exposure. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p<0.

Altered expression of CKs 14/20 is an early event in a rat model of multistep bladder carcinogenesis.

Cytokeratins (CKs) 14 and 20 are promising markers for diagnosing urothelial lesions and for studying their prognosis and histogenesis. This work aimed to study the immunohistochemical staining patterns of CK14/20 during multistep carcinogenesis leading to papillary bladder cancer in a rat model. Thirty female Fischer 344 rats were divided into three groups: group 1 (control); group 2, which received N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 20 weeks plus 1 week without treatment; and group 3, which received BBN for 20 weeks plus 8 weeks without treatment.

Effects of naproxen on cell proliferation and genotoxicity in MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line. MG-63 cells were exposed to naproxen in a wide range of concentrations of 0.03, 0.

Cytokeratin 7/19 expression in N-diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse hepatocellular lesions: implications for histogenesis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with poor clinical outcome, whose histogenesis is the subject of intense debate. Specifically, expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 7 and 19, associated with aggressive biological behaviour, is proposed to reflect a possible progenitor cell origin or tumour dedifferentiation towards a primitive phenotype. This work addresses that problem by studying CKs 7 and 19 expression in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced mouse HCCs.

The effects of whole green tea infusion on mouse urinary bladder chemical carcinogenesis.

Objective(s): Green tea (GT) is one of the most popular beverages worldwide whose beneficial effects on health have been demonstrated. Recent studies suggest that GT may contribute to reduction of cancer risk and progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of whole GT on urinary bladder chemical carcinogenesis in male and female ICR mice.

Animal models of urinary bladder cancer and their application to novel drug discovery.

Introduction: Urinary bladder cancer is a major human malignancy that afflicts millions of people worldwide every year. Urinary bladder cancer is usually superficial at presentation in 70 - 80% of patients. In these cases, a simple transurethral resection is adequate for removing the tumor.

Genomic characterization of three urinary bladder cancer cell lines: understanding genomic types of urinary bladder cancer.

Several genomic regions are frequently altered and associated with the type, stage and progression of urinary bladder cancer (UBC). We present the characterization of 5637, T24 and HT1376 UBC cell lines by karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis. Some cytogenetic anomalies present in UBC were found in the three cell lines, such as chromosome 20 aneuploidy and the loss of 9p21.

Synergistic effect between cisplatin and sunitinib malate on human urinary bladder-cancer cell lines.

The aim of this paper is to analyse sunitinib malate in vitro ability to enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in T24, 5637, and HT1376 human urinary bladder-cancer cell lines. Cells were treated with cisplatin (3, 6, 13, and 18 μM) and sunitinib malate (1, 2, 4, 6, and 20 μM), either in isolation or combined, over the course of 72 hours. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, acridine orange, and monodansylcadaverine staining and flow cytometry were performed.

Temsirolimus improves cytotoxic efficacy of cisplatin and gemcitabine against urinary bladder cancer cell lines.

Objectives: To analyze the cytotoxic action of temsirolimus using 3 established human bladder cancer cell lines and to assess whether temsirolimus potentiates the anticancer activity of gemcitabine and cisplatin.

Methods: Temsirolimus (500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 nM), in isolation, and combined with gemcitabine (100 nM) and cisplatin (2.5 µg/ml), was given to 5637, T24, and HT1376 bladder cancer cell lines.

Cytogenetic characterization of an N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine-induced mouse papillary urothelial carcinoma.

Chemically-induced urinary bladder cancer in rodents has long been used as a reliable model to study the biopathology of urinary bladder neoplasia and to develop therapeutic strategies against human tumors. Knowledge of the genetic basis underlying carcinogenesis would greatly enhance usability and usefulness of this model for the purposes of comparative pathology. However, little is known about the cytogenetic characteristics of rodent urinary bladder tumors.

Meloxicam in the treatment of in vitro and in vivo models of urinary bladder cancer.

To assess the efficacy of meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on three human urinary bladder-cancer cell lines (HT1376, T24 and 5637) and on mice urinary bladder cancer chemically induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). The in vitro effects of meloxicam were assessed by optical microscopy, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, flow cytometry and comet assay. In vivo, Hsd:ICR male mice were exposed to BBN in drinking water, over the course of 12 weeks.

In vitro and in vivo experimental models as tools to investigate the efficacy of antineoplastic drugs on urinary bladder cancer.

Several drugs have shown in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity against urinary bladder cancer. This review aims at compiling the different drugs evaluated in in vitro and in vivo models of urinary bladder cancer and to review the advantages and limitations of both types of models, as well as the different methodologies applied for evaluating antineoplastic drug activity.

Everolimus combined with cisplatin has a potential role in treatment of urothelial bladder cancer.

Cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is a commonly treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma. However, episodes of cisplatin resistance have been referenced. Recently it has been reported that everolimus (RAD001) could have an important role to play in bladder-cancer treatment and that mTOR inhibitors may restore chemosensitivity in resistant tumours.

Everolimus enhances gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in bladder-cancer cell lines.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether everolimus, a rapamycin derivative, might significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine, an antitumor drug, in two human bladder-cancer cell lines. Human bladder-cancer T24 and 5637 cells were incubated with gemcitabine and everolimus in a range of concentrations either alone or in combination for 72 h. Flow cytometry, comet assay, MTT method and optical microscopy were used to assess cell proliferation, cell cycle, DNA damage, and morphological alterations.

The effects of repeated oral gavage on the health of male CD-1 mice.

Oral gavage is a widely used method for administering substances to animals in pharmacological and toxicological studies. The authors evaluated whether oral gavage causes behavioral indicators of stress, increased mortality rate, alterations in food and water consumption and body weight or histological lesions in CD-1 mice. Gavage was carried out once per d for 5 d per week over 6 consecutive weeks.

In vivo and in vitro effects of RAD001 on bladder cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of Everolimus (RAD001) on chemically induced urothelial lesions in mice and its influence on in vitro human bladder cancer cell lines.

Methods: ICR male mice were given N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine in drinking water for a period of 12 weeks. Subsequently, RAD001 was administered via oral gavage, for 6 weeks.

The effects of sirolimus on urothelial lesions chemically induced in ICR mice by BBN.

Background: Sirolimus was originally used as an immunosuppressant drug but recent reports have indicated that it may have other potential biological effects as an anticancer drug. The chemopreventive efficacy of sirolimus was evaluated in an experimental model of invasive urinary bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: ICR mice received N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water for a period of twelve weeks.