GPR161 structure uncovers the redundant role of sterol-regulated ciliary cAMP signaling in the Hedgehog pathway.

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR161 plays a central role in development by suppressing Hedgehog signaling. The fundamental basis of how GPR161 is activated remains unclear. Here, we determined a cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of active human GPR161 bound to heterotrimeric G.

GPR161 structure uncovers the redundant role of sterol-regulated ciliary cAMP signaling in the Hedgehog pathway.

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR161 is enriched in primary cilia, where it plays a central role in suppressing Hedgehog signaling. GPR161 mutations lead to developmental defects and cancers. The fundamental basis of how GPR161 is activated, including potential endogenous activators and pathway-relevant signal transducers, remains unclear.

Community waterborne outbreak linked to a firefighting response during the COVID-19 emergency.

Background: On 6 March 2020, a big fire in a village forced the firefighters to draw water simultaneously from many sources, including the Adige river. From 9 March, an increasing number of inhabitants reported gastrointestinal symptoms. We describe the outbreak and the challenges linked to the concurrent COVID-19 spread.

Generation of an hiPSC-1 knock-in line expressing TY1-tagged MNX1-protein together with mScarlet.

MNX1 encodes a homeobox transcription factor with conserved embryonic requirements in spinal motor neuron formation and pancreatic beta-cell differentiation. Mutations in MNX1 are associated with dominantly inherited Currarino syndrome and neonatal diabetes. To better understand embryonic MNX1 functions we generated an hiPSC-1 knock-in line heterozygously expressing MNX1 C-terminally tagged with 2xTY1 together with a T2A-separated red fluorescent reporter mScarlet.

Feedback control of the Gpr161-G-PKA axis contributes to basal Hedgehog repression in zebrafish.

Hedgehog (Hh) ligands act as morphogens to direct patterning and proliferation during embryonic development. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a central negative regulator of Hh signalling, and in the absence of Hh ligands, PKA activity prevents inappropriate expression of Hh target genes. The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr161 contributes to the basal Hh repression machinery by activating PKA.

Healthcare worker's attitude to seasonal influenza vaccination in the South Tyrolean province of Italy: barriers and facilitators.

Background: Seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) is an effective and safe way to prevent influenza. Public health institutions around the world consequently recommend SIV to certain groups at risk, including healthcare worker's (HCWs). Even if SIV is free of charge, the vaccination coverage rate remains low, however.

[Induction of penicillin tolerance in therapy of neurosyphilis in penicillin allergy].

Pharmacologically or immunologically induced hypersensitivity to penicillin is frequent. Immunological, i.e.

[Persistent erythema and edema of the face associated with rosacea and lymph vessel dysplasia].

A 24-year-old woman with lymph vessel dysplasia had experienced a progressive edema of her legs since her second year of life and progressive facial edema for the past year. She also had telangiectasias and papules on the background of a diffuse erythema as well as marked seborrhea on her face. Histopathological examination of a representative facial lesion revealed a granulomatous dermatitis with periadnexal distribution mainly consisting of lymphocytes and histiocytes.

New insights in the structure and biology of the high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI) on human epidermal Langerhans cells.

The recent structural and functional analysis of the high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI) expressed on human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) revealed new aspects of the biology of this structure. In contrast to basophils and mast cells where this receptor seems to be expressed constitutively at a constant level, the expression of Fc epsilon RI on LC varies on the donor and the inflammatory environment of the cells and lacks the classical beta-chain. This also implies functional differences most probably related to the expression level.

Superantigen mediated shock: a cytokine release syndrome.

Treatment of animals with superantigens results in profound immunological changes. A major fraction of all peripheral T cells becomes activated in vivo. Subsequently, successive waves of cytokines are produced with TNF playing a central pathophysiologic role.