The Role of Liver Zonation in Physiology, Regeneration, and Disease.

As blood flows from the portal triad to the central vein, cell-mediated depletion establishes gradients of soluble factors such as oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, which act through molecular pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog) to spatially regulate hepatocyte functions along the sinusoid.

Suspension-Expansion of Bone Marrow Results in Small Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibiting Increased Transpulmonary Passage Following Intravenous Administration.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively explored in a variety of regenerative medicine applications. The relatively large size of MSCs expanded in tissue culture flasks leads to retention in the microcirculation of the lungs following intravenous delivery, reducing their capacity to reach target sites. We explored whether the expansion of whole marrow in suspension cultures would yield smaller MSCs with increased capacity to traverse the pulmonary microcirculation compared with traditional monolayer cultures.