Inter-species interactions between two bacterial flower commensals and a floral pathogen reduce disease incidence and alter pathogen activity.

Unlabelled: Flowers are colonized by a diverse community of microorganisms that can alter plant health and interact with floral pathogens. is a flower-inhabiting bacterium and a pathogen that infects different plant species, including (apple). Previously, we showed that the co-inoculation of two bacterial strains, members of the genera and isolated from apple flowers, reduced disease incidence caused by this floral pathogen.

from the Fire Blight Biocontrol Product, Blossom Protect, Induces Host Resistance in Apple Flowers.

Fire blight, caused by , is a devastating disease of apple. Blossom Protect, a product that contains as the active ingredient, is one of the most effective biological controls of fire blight. It has been postulated that the mode of action of is to compete against and antagonize epiphytic growth of on flowers, but recent studies have found that flowers treated with Blossom Protect harbored similar to or only slightly reduced populations compared with nontreated flowers.

Expression of the Type III Secretion System Genes in Epiphytic Cells on Apple Stigmas Benefits Endophytic Infection at the Hypanthium.

causes fire blight on rosaceous plants. One of the major entry points of into hosts is flowers, where proliferates epiphytically on stigmatic and hypanthium surfaces and, subsequently, causes endophytic infection at the hypanthium. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence factor in Although the role of T3SS during endophytic infection is well characterized, its expression during epiphytic colonization and role in the subsequent infection is less understood.

Functional characterization of the adenine transporter EaAdeP from the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora and its effect on disease establishment in apples and pears.

Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, an economically important disease of apples and pears. As part of the infection process, Er. amylovora propagates on different plant tissues each with distinct nutrient environments.

Temporal and spatial dynamics in the apple flower microbiome in the presence of the phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora.

Plant microbiomes have important roles in plant health and productivity. However, despite flowers being directly linked to reproductive outcomes, little is known about the microbiomes of flowers and their potential interaction with pathogen infection. Here, we investigated the temporal spatial dynamics of the apple stigma microbiome when challenged with a phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease.

An Erwinia amylovora uracil transporter mutant retains virulence on immature apple and pear fruit.

Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating disease of apples and pears. A previous study revealed that an E. amylovora uracil auxotroph was still virulent and can cause disease, suggesting that uracil can be obtained from the host environment.

Development of a Method to Monitor Gene Expression in Single Bacterial Cells During the Interaction With Plants and Use to Study the Expression of the Type III Secretion System in Single Cells of in Potato.

is a bacterial plant pathogen that causes soft rot disease on a wide range of host plants. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence factor in . Expression of the T3SS is induced in the plant apoplast or in -inducing minimal medium (hrp-MM), and is repressed in nutrient-rich media.

Comparative genomics of Spiraeoideae-infecting Erwinia amylovora strains provides novel insight to genetic diversity and identifies the genetic basis of a low-virulence strain.

Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, one of the most devastating diseases of apple and pear. Erwinia amylovora is thought to have originated in North America and has now spread to at least 50 countries worldwide. An understanding of the diversity of the pathogen population and the transmission to different geographical regions is important for the future mitigation of this disease.

Recombination of Virulence Genes in Divergent Acidovorax avenae Strains That Infect a Common Host.

Bacterial etiolation and decline (BED), caused by Acidovorax avenae, is an emerging disease of creeping bentgrass on golf courses in the United States. We performed the first comprehensive analysis of A. avenae on a nationwide collection of turfgrass- and maize-pathogenic A.

Exploration of Using Antisense Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)-cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP) as a Novel Bactericide against Fire Blight Pathogen .

is a Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen in the family and is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating disease of apple and pear. Fire blight is traditionally managed by the application of the antibiotic streptomycin during bloom, but this strategy has been challenged by the development and spread of streptomycin resistance. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective, specific, and sustainable control alternatives for fire blight.