Fish diversity assessment through conventional morphological identification and recent advances in Saudi Arabia: A review.

Fish identification in the Red Sea, particularly in Saudi Arabia, has a long history. Because of the vast fish diversity in Saudi Arabia, proper species identification is required. Indeed, identifying fish species is critical for biodiversity conservation, food and drug safety, and sustainable fishery management.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Auditory Pathway in Patients With Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I: Correlation With Auditory Brainstem Response.

Aim: To evaluate the role of diffusion tensor imaging of the auditory pathway in patients with Crigler Najjar syndrome type I and its relation to auditory brainstem response.

Methods: Prospective study was done including 12 patients with Crigler Najjar syndrome type I and 10 age- and sex-matched controls that underwent diffusion tensor imaging of brain. Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy at 4 regions of the brain and brainstem on each side were measured and correlated with the results of auditory brainstem response for patients.

Clinical and videofluoroscopic evaluation of feeding and swallowing in infants with oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Background: Dysphagia impacts infants' health and well-being and may result in aspiration pneumonia.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate feeding and swallowing functions in infants with dysphagia to determine the possible causes of dysphagia and their relationship with the medical diagnoses. Clinical and videofluoroscopic findings were compared to determine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical evaluation and identify clinical predictors of laryngeal penetration and aspiration.

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the brachiocephalic artery obstructing the airways.

This is a case report of a young patient referred to our ER as a case of mediastinal tumor compressing the airways. On presentation, the patient had severe stridor and tachypnea, with oxygen saturation less than 60%. As the patient presented alone to the ER, obtaining any history was not possible.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Microstructural Changes in the Gray and White Matter in Patients With Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the role of diffusion tensor imaging of microstructural changes in gray and white matter in Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I.

Patient And Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 10 patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I and 10 age- and sex-matched children who underwent diffusion tensor imaging of the brain. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of gray and white matter were measured.

Mediastinal ectopic thyroid mass with normal thyroid function and location: Case report.

Introduction: Mediastinal Ectopic Thyroid Gland is a rare entity, accounting for 1% of all mediastinal tumours. Here, we present a rare case of mediastinal mass that was proved to be an ectopic thyroid with normal thyroid function tests and normal thyroid gland in the cervical location.

Case Presentation: A 32-year-old lady had a road traffic accident, with the incidental discovery of a mediastinal mass on chest radiography.

Primary Pulmonary Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Primary pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma (PPHL) is a rare disease. Herein, we report a case of PPHL with diagnostic concerns encountered during initial evaluation which is of paramount importance to keep the differential diagnosis in cases with high index of suspicion for this rare entity.

Target-Controlled Infusion of Remifentanil Without Muscle Relaxants Allows Acceptable Surgical Conditions During Thoracotomy Performed Under Sevoflurane Anesthesia.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that the use of a nonmuscle relaxant anesthetic technique (NMRT) during thoracotomy would be associated with comparable surgical conditions with the standard use of neuromuscular blocking drugs.

Design: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled study.

Setting: A single university hospital.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive review of a growing epidemic.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is quickly becoming one of the most prominent causes of liver disease worldwide. The increasing incidence of NAFLD is tied to the obesity epidemic and the subsequent metabolic derangements brought along with it. Current efforts to elucidate the mechanism and causes of the disease have answered some questions, but much remains unknown about NAFLD.

Effect of tidal volume on extravascular lung water content during one-lung ventilation for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomised, controlled trial.

Background: The use of low tidal volume during one-lung ventilation (OLV) has been shown to attenuate the incidence of acute lung injury after thoracic surgery.

Objective: To test the effect of tidal volume during OLV for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on the extravascular lung water content index (EVLWI).

Design: A randomised, double-blind, controlled study.

Right ventricular function during one-lung ventilation: effects of pressure-controlled and volume-controlled ventilation.

Objectives: To test the effects of pressure-controlled (PCV) and volume-controlled (VCV) ventilation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) for thoracic surgery on right ventricular (RV) function.

Design: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover study.

Setting: A single university hospital.

Morphometric assessment of liver fibrosis may enhance early diagnosis of biliary atresia.

Background: Neonatal cholestasis syndrome is considered as a major challenge in pediatric practice. This study was undertaken to investigate the value of morphometric assessment of hepatic fibrosis in early diagnosis of biliary atresia.

Methods: We studied liver biopsy specimens from 53 patients with neonatal cholestasis.

Changes in cerebral oxygenation in patients with pulmonary dysfunction after lung resection.

Lung resection would be associated with lower jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjvO₂) values in patients with moderate to severe pulmonary dysfunction. We aimed to study the effects of lung resections on the postoperative changes in SjvO₂, incidence of SjvO₂ < 50%, pulmonary functions, cerebral blood flow equivalent (CBFE), and arterial to jugular difference in oxygen content (AjvDO₂) in the patients with pulmonary dysfunction. Fifty-three patients scheduled for lung resection were allocated on the basis of forced vital capacity (FVC %) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)%) into the following: good FVC and FEV₁ (n = 14), mild (n = 14), moderate (n = 13), and severe (n = 12) pulmonary dysfunction groups.

Comparative study of the non-dependent continuous positive pressure ventilation and high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation during one-lung ventilation for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

The application of volume controlled high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV) to the non-dependent lung (NL) may have comparable effects to continuous positive-airway pressure (CPAP) on the surgical conditions during one-lung ventilation (OLV) for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). After local Ethics Committee approval and informed consent, we randomly allocated 30 patients scheduled for elective VATS after the first 15 min of OLV to ventilate the NL with CPAP of 2 cm H(2)O (NL-CPAP(2)) and HFPPV using tidal volume 2 ml/kg, inspiratory to expiratory ratio <0.3 and respiratory rate 60/min (NL-HFPPV) for 30 min, each in a randomized crossover order.

Primary mediastinal Castleman's disease.

Castleman's disease is a rare entity with an unknown etiology which was first described by Castleman in 1954. It is a lymphoproliferative disorder histologically classified into three types; hyaline-vascular, plasma cell type and mixed type. It might be localized or multicentric and usually involves the mediastinum.

Effects of nondependent lung ventilation with continuous positive-pressure ventilation and high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation on right-ventricular function during 1-lung ventilation.

Background. The application of volume-controlled high frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) to the nondependent lung (NL) may have comparable effects to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the right ventricular (RV) function, oxygenation, and surgical conditions during one lung ventilation (OLV) for thoracotomy. Methods.

Is Routine Spiral CT-Chest Justified in Evaluation of the Major Blunt Trauma Patients?

Study: New generation spiral CT scanners permit multiple consecutive CT examinations on the same trauma patient in a short period of time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic role and therapeutic impact of routine spiral CT chest in multiply injured patients or patients with a suspicious mechanism of injury.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study included 443 patients with blunt chest trauma.

Gene polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor alpha-308 and interleukin-10-1082 among asthmatic Egyptian children.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-308 and interleukin (IL)-10(-1082) have potent inflammatory responses in the process of airway inflammation in asthma. The purpose of this study was to check for association of polymorphisms related to cytokine genes with susceptibility and severity of bronchial asthma in Egyptian children. Blood samples of 69 asthmatic children receiving treatment and follow-up at the Allergy and Respiratory Medicine Unit, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt, were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter regions of cytokine genes TNF-alpha(-308(G-->A)), IL-10(-1082(G-->A)).

Solitary benign fibrous tumors of the pleura.

Solitary benign fibrous tumors of the pleura are very rare. Seven patients (mean age, 52 years) who presented between 1995 and 2005 were studied retrospectively. They had nonspecific chest symptoms and no history of asbestos exposure or smoking.

Gigantic enlargement of the thymus gland.

True massive thymic hyperplasia is a very rare entity, characterized by an increase in the size and weight of the thymus gland, without an apparent cause. Surgery has been required in patients with severe respiratory distress. We present an idiopathic true massive thymic hyperplasia in a 5-month-old boy.

Videothoracoscopic management of the solitary pulmonary nodule: a single-institution study on 429 cases.

Background: Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) sometimes are malignant. We evaluated our 9-year experience in the videothoracoscopic (VATS) management of indeterminate SPNs in order to identify malignant nodules on the basis of clinical and radiologic characteristics.

Methods: From July 1992 to May 2001, 429 patients (276 men and 153 women) were treated by VATS because of a SPN.