Availability and dose response of phytophenols from a wheat bran rich cereal product in healthy human volunteers.

Scope: Phytophenols present in cereals are metabolised to compounds that could be partly responsible for the reduced risk of chronic diseases and all-cause mortality associated with fibre-rich diets. The bioavailability, form and in vivo concentrations of these metabolites require to be established.

Materials And Methods: Eight healthy volunteers consumed a test meal containing a recommended dose (40 g) and high dose (120 g) of ready-to-eat wheat bran cereal and the systemic and colonic metabolites determined quantitatively by LC-MS.

Intake of selected nutrients from foods, from fortification and from supplements in various European countries.

Background: Recent European Union regulation requires setting of maximum amount of micronutrients in dietary supplements or foods taking into account the tolerable upper intake level (ULs) established by scientific risk assessment and population reference intakes.

Objective: To collect and evaluate recently available data on intakes of selected vitamins and minerals from conventional foods, food supplements and fortified foods in adults and children. Intake of calcium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, folic acid, niacin and total vitamin A/retinol, B(6), D and E was derived from nationally representative surveys in Denmark, Germany, Finland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom.

Minimising the population risk of micronutrient deficiency and over-consumption: a new approach using selenium as an example.

Background: At the present time the recommended daily intake or allowance (RDA) and the safe upper level (UL) of intake of micronutrients are given as single values. The recommended daily intake is considered to cover the requirements of 97.5% of the population while the safe upper level is a value for the whole population.

Consumption of ready-to-eat cereals in relation to health and diet indicators among school adolescents in Crete, Greece.

Background/aims: We aimed at examining the intake of ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) among adolescents in Crete, Greece, and investigate relationships with health and diet indicators.

Methods: A sample of 392 adolescents (183 boys, 209 girls) aged 15 +/- 0.4 years, attending high schools of two major counties in Crete, was studied to determine consumption of RTEC using a frequency questionnaire.

Energy and nutrient dietary reference values for children in Europe: methodological approaches and current nutritional recommendations.

The Expert Group on the Methodological Approaches and Current Nutritional Recommendations in Children and Adolescents was convened to consider the current situation across Europe with regard to dietary recommendations and reference values for children aged 2-18 years. Information was obtained for twenty-nine of the thirty-nine countries in Europe and a comprehensive compilation was made of the dietary recommendations current up to September 2002. This report presents a review of the concepts of dietary reference values and a comparison of the methodological approaches used in each country.