Skin-reducing mastectomy and one-stage implant reconstruction with a myodermal flap: a safe and effective technique in risk-reducing and therapeutic mastectomy.

Introduction: Immediate reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer has been shown to be oncologically safe and associated with improved psychosocial outcomes for patients. Bostwick described a technique for one-stage implant based reconstruction, combining skin-sparing mastectomy with concurrent reduction of the skin envelope. This report reviews the experience of a single centre using skin-reducing mastectomy and one-stage implant reconstruction in both early stage breast cancer and risk-reducing mastectomy, with specific reference to frequency of complications, implant loss and oncological outcomes.

Expression of EZH2 and Ki-67 in colorectal cancer and associations with treatment response and prognosis.

Background: Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a member of the Polycomb group of genes that is involved in epigenetic silencing and cell cycle regulation.

Methods: We studied EZH2 expression in 409 patients with colorectal cancer stages II and III. The patients were included in a randomised study, and treated with surgery alone or surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

Foreign body ingestion in prisoners - the Belfast experience.

Deliberate ingestion of foreign bodies is common amongst prison inmates. The motives behind the ingestion are variable. As the only designated hospital in Northern Ireland treating acute surgical pathologies in the prison population, we reviewed our experience of foreign body ingestion between March 1998 and June 2007.

Satisfactory long-term results after Nissen fundoplication.

Background: Complications and unsatisfactory long-term results after antireflux surgery in children have received increased attention. The aim of this study was to report parental assessment of outcome after Nissen fundoplication.

Methods: Ninety-three patients operated with primary Nissen fundoplication between 1990 and 2001 were included.

[Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children].

Background: At Rikshospitalet, Norway, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children has been treated with subureteric teflon (polytetrafluoroethylen) injection (STING) since 1994. After a biological injection substance became commercially available, we changed to Deflux (dextranomer/hyaluronic acid) in 2000. The aim of this study was to assess whether the VUR results following use of the new injection substance are comparable to those for the previously used substance.

Monitoring urinary bladder volume and detecting post-operative urinary retention in children with an ultrasound scanner.

Background: Post-operative urinary retention (PUR) is associated with a risk of over-distension and permanent detrusor damage. The prevention of PUR by routine catheterization may increase the risk of urinary tract infection. Post-operative monitoring of the bladder volume is a reliable method in adults, but has not been evaluated for reliability in children.

Pilot study on the time course of apoptosis in the regenerating corneal epithelium.

Purpose: To determine whether apoptosis contributes to regeneration of the corneal epithelium following erosion and following ultraviolet irradiation.

Methods: Central corneal erosions were made on one eye of 16 rats. One eye of another set of 16 rats was exposed to UVB irradiation.

[Enuresis nocturna--practical advice for examination and treatment].

Children suffering from nocturnal enuresis have better self-esteem when they stay dry. A medical examination is necessary in order to exclude specific causes. The choice of treatment should be based on: motivation and age of the child, nocturnal polyuria versus bladder capacity, possibilities to borrow an alarm device, and follow-up.

Accentuated oxidative stress following reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.

Background: This study investigates whether diabetes mellitus accentuates hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods: Male Wistar rats rendered diabetic (n=40) following injection of streptozotocin were compared to non-diabetic control rats (n=30). Each group was divided into sham, 4 hrs of hind limb ischemia, 4 hrs of ischemia followed by 10, 30 or 60 min of reperfusion.

[Crohn disease of the oral cavity, illustrated by some cases].

Background: We have several times experienced that Crohn's disease has not been diagnosed until several years after the start of oral symptoms. This article presents some patients with oral manifestations of Crohn's disease, as a contribution to more awareness of this possibility.

Material And Methods: Clinical and histological data from four patients are presented.

A previous abrasion in the contralateral eye influences the cell kinetics during healing of a central corneal abrasion.

Purpose: To study the influence of a previous erosion in the fellow eye on the proliferative response during healing of a central corneal erosion.

Methods: A corneal abrasion was made on the right eye of 20 rats. After 1 week a corneal erosion was made in the left eye of the pre-treated animals and in 20 previously untreated animals.

Dynamic MR-imaging in the diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee.

The aim of this report was to study the rate of contrast enhancement at MRI in pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). Dynamic MRI was performed in a patient with PVNS just before and 1 week and 3 years following synovectomy of the knee. As opposed to patients with rheumatic disease the patient with PVNS showed a slower enhancement rate before synovectomy than 1 week after.

Modulation of TNF alpha and IL-6 in a peritonitis model using pentoxifylline.

Sepsis leads to release of reactants that play an important role in the development of multiple organ failure. The kinetics of two early mediators of the response to sepsis, tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and their modulation with pentoxifylline (PTF), were investigated. An established and clinically relevant animal model was employed, and sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in Wistar rats.

Early cell kinetic effects of some drugs on the rat corneal and conjunctival epithelia.

The early cell kinetic response in the rat corneal and conjunctival epithelia was studied after a single topical application of dipivefrine, adrenaline and timolol with and without benzalkonium chloride. Benzalkonium chloride alone in different concentrations, 0.004%, 0.

Time dependency in the regenerative response to injury of the rat corneal epithelium.

In the present study a central corneal epithelial defect (diameter 3.5 mm) was made in both eyes at 12:00 h in one group of rats and at 24:00 h in another group to see if the regenerative proliferation is influenced by circadian rhythms. The labeling index and the mitotic rate were registered at 4-h intervals in the perilimbal conjunctiva, the limbal area, and different parts of the cornea from the following morning until noon the day after that.

Pentoxifylline improves intracellular electrolytes in sepsis.

Sepsis is associated with a generalised membrane dysfunction leading to an increase in intracellular sodium, chloride, and water. The decrease in extracellular water is thought to act as a nonosmotic stimulus to the secretion of antidiuretic hormone. The resultant hyponatraemia is associated with increased surgical morbidity and mortality.

Histopathologic changes of the temporomandibular joint disk in patients with chronic arthritic disease. A comparison with internal derangement.

Histopathologic examination was performed of the disk and the posterior attachment extirpated from 17 temporomandibular joints from 15 patients with chronic arthritic disease. Seven patients had rheumatoid arthritis (including two with juvenile type), five had ankylosing spondylitis, and three had psoriatic arthropathy, which affected more joints than the temporomandibular joint. Specimens removed from 16 temporomandibular joints from 15 patients with internal derangement were used for histopathologic comparison.

Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract anomalies. The value of two ultrasound examinations.

Objective: To determine when fetal urinary tract anomalies were detected by ultrasound screening during pregnancy and to discuss the possible consequences if only one early ultrasound examination is performed.

Design: A retrospective study of 47 cases where fetal urinary tract malformations were diagnosed in a two-stage screening program (17th and 32nd week of gestation) covering 22,310 women over ten years, 1982-91.

Setting: Ullevål University Hospital in Oslo which serves as a referral center for obstetric and neonatal diseases.

Cell kinetics of conjunctival and corneal epithelium during regeneration of different-sized corneal epithelial defects.

Rats with small (diam. 1.7 mm), medium sized (diam.

The value of repeat cerebral angiography in subarachnoid haemorrhage.

In 216 consecutive patients investigated for subarachnoid haemorrhage, 44 (20.3%) of cerebral angiograms were either normal or equivocal for the presence of aneurysm. Arteriography was repeated in 30 patients and an aneurysm was demonstrated in 10 cases.