Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) as a marker of coronary lesion severity in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant global health concern with considerable high morbidity and mortality and its development is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a vital regulator of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) metabolism, directly impacting serum cholesterol levels. However, its role in development of CAD is not fully understood.

Secretome of Hypoxia-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Angiogenesis in Diabetic Rats with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the main risk of diabetes mellitus which result to high mortality rate. Approximately, 50% of patients who receive several treatments have passed away or lost limbs at a year's follow-up. Secretome of hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSCs) contains several active soluble molecules from hypoxia MSCs (H-MSCs) that capable inducing anti-inflammatory and vascular regeneration in PAD.

Syzygium Polyanthum Reduced TNF-α and ADAM17 Protein Expression in Myocardial Infarction Rat Model.

Background: In myocardial infarction (MI), inflammatory cytokine including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays pivotal role throughout worsening processes and recovery, whereas its cleavage is controlled by a disintegrin and metalloproteinases-17 (ADAM-17). (Wight) is widely used plant in Indonesia and Southeast Asian countries to treat various illnesses.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of extract towards TNF-α and ADAM17 expressions in MI rat model.

The effect of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 (PECAM-1) expression in acute coronary syndrome.

Aim To investigate effect of bay leaf extract in endothelial integrity, observed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, VEGF and CD31 expression. Methods Thirty-two acute coronary syndrome surgery-induced Wistar Rats (Rattus novergicus) were divided into 16 bay leaf extract (treatment) groups and 16 control groups, sacrificed on day 1, 4, 7, and 14 after the induction. Serum VEGF level was determined by ELISA and expression of VEGFR-2 and CD31 were detected on immunohistochemistry.

The effect of bay leaf extract Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. on C-reactive protein (CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) level in the heart of rat model of myocardial infarction.

Aim To study the anti-inflammatory effect of bay leaf on C-reactive protein (CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) level in the heart of rat model with myocardial infarction. Methods In the first phase, results of pathological examination and biochemical assay were compared between rats with and without induction of myocardial infarction. In the second phase, the effect of bay leaf extract on CRP and MPO of rats with myocardial infarction was studied.