A new class of natural anthelmintics targeting lipid metabolism.

Parasitic helminths are a major global health threat, infecting nearly one-fifth of the human population and causing significant losses in livestock and crops. Resistance to the few anthelmintic drugs is increasing. Here, we report a set of avocado fatty alcohols/acetates (AFAs) that exhibit nematocidal activity against four veterinary parasitic nematode species: Brugia pahangi, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Heligmosomoides polygyrus, as well as a multidrug resistant strain (UGA) of Haemonchus contortus.

The sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology in detecting thyroid malignancy according to Bethesda system at a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) aims to standardize the terminology and morphologic criteria associated with thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results while also providing corresponding risk assessments for malignancy. contributing to more consistent and standardized reporting of thyroid nodules and aiding clinicians in making informed decisions. Since then, it has been undergoing revisions and updates to further improve its utility and accuracy.

Prognostic value of Ki67 in phyllodes tumor of the breast: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Numerous clinicopathological features have been examined as predictive factors for adverse outcomes in patients with phyllodes tumor (PT) of the breast, but there are still no definitive predictive markers to guide management, despite the persistent risk of recurrence, even in benign disease. Whether Ki67 has prognostic value in PT remains uncertain. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to examine whether Ki67 is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, particularly recurrence, in patients with PT.

Determining Risk Factors for Detachment After Endothelial Keratoplasties: Nine-Year Review of a Single Institution.

Purpose: To determine roles of patient history, donor tissue characteristics, tissue preparation methods, and surgeon technique for graft detachment requiring rebubbling after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) procedures.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all eyes undergoing first-time DSAEK or DMEK at the study institution between 2013 and 2022. Data were collected regarding recipients' history, donors' medical history, tissue preparation methods, intraoperative details, and postoperative clinical outcomes.

Efficacy and safety of oral ivermectin in the treatment of mild to moderate Covid-19 patients: a multi-centre double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Evidence on ivermectin as a treatment for Covid-19 is controversial. A Cochrane review concluded that the efficacy and safety of ivermectin is uncertain (evidence up to April 2022) and WHO recommended its use only in the setting of clinical trials. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral ivermectin in hospitalized patients with mild to moderate Covid-19.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia in the Last Decade.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a significant subset of mesenchymal tumors primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, impacting diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Understanding their epidemiology is crucial for improving patient care and advancing treatment strategies.

Methodology: Our study at a Saudi tertiary hospital analyzed 50 patients with GIST, focusing on demographics, tumor locations, and risk assessments.

The Effect of Genetic Variants of SLC22A2 (rs662301 and rs315978) on the response to Metformin in type 2 Saudi diabetic patients.

Purpose: To investigate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the two genetic variations, NC_000006.12: g.160275887C > T (rs662301) and NC_000006.

A Case of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Manifesting With Vertigo in the Setting of Intracranial Hypertension.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is a rare condition where malignant cells infiltrate the leptomeninges of the central nervous system. We present a case of a 51-year-old male with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung who developed recurrent vertigo. The patient initially received a diagnosis of peripheral vertigo, but his symptoms worsened over time and were associated with headache, vomiting, and one episode of seizure.

Facial Nerve Palsy in Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Acute pancreatitis is associated with multiple local or systemic complications in response to systemic inflammation that may eventually result in multi-organ failure. Neurological complications are uncommon in acute pancreatitis. Examples include cerebral hemorrhage, infarction, cerebral fat embolism, Wernicke encephalopathy, and cranial nerve (CN) palsy.

Total transcriptome analysis of Candida auris planktonic cells exposed to tyrosol.

Tyrosol, a secondary metabolite of Candida species, regulates fungal morphogenesis, and its application may represent a novel innovative therapy against emerging multi-resistant fungal superbug such as Candida auris. In the current study, the effects of tyrosol on growth, redox homeostasis, intracellular microelement contents and activities of virulence-related enzymes released by C. auris were examined.

Clinician Perceptions of Receiving Different Forms of Feedback on their Opioid Prescribing.

Opioid misuse represents a major public health issue in the United States. One driver is overprescription for acute pain, with the size of initial prescription associated with subsequent long-term use. However, little work has been done to elicit clinician feedback about interventions to reduce opioid prescribing.

Cytospin performance when using Paris system for reporting urinary cytology.

Objectives: The Paris System (TPS) for Reporting Urine Cytology has significantly improved the approach to evaluating urine cytology. TPS criteria were defined mainly according to ThinPrep and SurePath preparations, as they are widely utilized. The objective of this study is to validate urine cytology interpretation according to the TPS classification using cytospin technique in relation to the gold slandered histology.

The Effect Of Clinician Feedback Interventions On Opioid Prescribing.

An initial opioid prescription with a greater number of pills is associated with a greater risk for future long-term opioid use, yet few interventions have reliably influenced individual clinicians' prescribing. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of feedback interventions for clinicians in reducing opioid prescribing. The interventions included feedback on a clinician's outlier prescribing (individual audit feedback), peer comparison, and both interventions combined.

Persistent Cardiometabolic Health Gaps: Can Therapeutic Care Gaps Be Precisely Identified from Electronic Health Records.

The objective of this study was to determine the strengths and limitations of using structured electronic health records (EHR) to identify and manage cardiometabolic (CM) health gaps. We used medication adherence measures derived from dispense data to attribute related therapeutic care gaps (i.e.

COVID-19 in pregnancy by race and ethnicity: Implications for development of a vaccination strategy.

Objective: COVID-19 and associated morbidity and mortality has disproportionately affected minoritized populations. The epidemiology of spread of COVID-19 among pregnant women by race/ethnicity is not well described. Using data from a large healthcare system in California, we estimated prevalence and spread during pregnancy and recommend a vaccination approach based on minimizing adverse outcomes.

FRET-Based Probe for High-Throughput DNA Intercalator Drug Discovery and Imaging.

Molecules that bind DNA by intercalating its bases remain among the most potent cancer therapies and antimicrobials due to their interference with DNA-processing proteins. To accelerate the discovery of novel intercalating drugs, we designed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based probe that reports on DNA intercalation, allowing rapid and sensitive screening of chemical libraries in a high-throughput format. We demonstrate that the method correctly identifies known DNA intercalators in approved drug libraries and discover previously unreported intercalating compounds.

Deleterious variants in genes regulating mammalian reproduction in Neanderthals, Denisovans and extant humans.

Study Question: Were Neanderthals and Denisovans (referred here also as extinct hominidae) carrying deleterious variants in genes regulating reproduction?

Summary Answer: The majority of extinct hominidae analyzed here, presented a considerable number of deleterious variants per individual in proteins regulating different aspects of reproduction, including gonad and uterine function, and gametogenesis.

What Is Known Already: Neanderthals, Denisovans and extant humans were interfertile and hybridized while occupying geographically overlapping areas in Europe and Asia. This is evidenced by the small archaic genome component (average ∼2%) present in non-African extant humans.

A Case Report of Thyroid Plasmacytoma and Literature Update.

Plasmacytomas of the thyroid gland are rare, whether or not they arise as solitary (primary) lesions or secondary to systemic multiple myeloma. Here, we present the case of a 71-year-old female presenting with goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in whom the subsequent histopathological diagnosis of plasmacytoma was a surprise. In presenting this case, we summarize the last 25 years of literature on thyroid plasmacytoma and review the salient clinicopathological characteristics, differential diagnoses, management, and outcomes of this rare condition.

Long-Term Remission of a Spinal Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor in Response to Intensive Multimodal Therapy.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are rare and aggressive central nervous system tumors that infrequently arise in spinal locations in young children. Provided clinical and diagnostic suspicion is high, the histopathological diagnosis is relatively straightforward to secure by testing for the characteristic loss of the tumor suppressor protein . Here, we describe a case of thoracic spinal ATRT in a three-year-old boy that showed characteristic aggressive progression until managed with intensive multimodal therapy to achieve durable long-term remission.

Phenotyping of the thrashing forces exerted by partially immobilized C. elegans using elastomeric micropillar arrays.

As a simple model organism, C. elegans plays an important role in gaining insight into the relationship between bodily thrashing forces and biological effects, such as disease and aging, or physical stimuli, like touch and light. Due to their similar length scale, microfluidic chips have been extensively explored for use in various biological studies involving C.

The molecular mechanisms mediating mammalian fertilization.

Fertilization is a key biological process in which the egg and sperm must recognize one another and fuse to form a zygote. Although the process is a continuum, mammalian fertilization has been studied as a sequence of steps: sperm bind and penetrate through the zona pellucida of the egg, adhere to the egg plasma membrane and finally fuse with the egg. Following fusion, effective blocks to polyspermy ensure monospermic fertilization.

Amplification of Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (TCCA) Reactivity for Chlorination of Arenes and Heteroarenes via Catalytic Organic Dye Activation.

Heteroarenes and arenes that contain electron-withdrawing groups are chlorinated in good to excellent yields (scalable to gram scale) using trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and catalytic Brilliant Green (BG). Visible-light activation of BG serves to amplify the electrophilic nature of TCCA, providing a mild alternative approach to acid-promoted chlorination of deactivated (hetero)aromatic substrates. The utility of the TCCA/BG system is demonstrated through comparison to other chlorinating reagents and by the chlorination of pharmaceuticals including caffeine, lidocaine, and phenazone.

Nonresponsiveness to standard treatment in cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case series from Sri Lanka.

Leishmaniasis is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus . Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Sri Lanka with over 3000 cases during the last decade and numbers are increasing. Treatment options available in Sri Lanka for CL include intralesional/intramuscular sodium stibogluconate and cryotherapy.