An Overview: Genetic Tumor Markers for Early Detection and Current Gene Therapy Strategies.

Genomic instability is considered a fundamental factor involved in any neoplastic disease. Consequently, the genetically unstable cells contribute to intratumoral genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity of cancer. These genetic alterations can be detected by several diagnostic techniques of molecular biology and the detection of alteration in genomic integrity may serve as reliable genetic molecular markers for the early detection of cancer or cancer-related abnormal changes in the body cells.

Liquid Biopsy: A Distinctive Approach to the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past decades, the concept of precision cancer medicine has emerged as a novel approach in the field of oncology that aims to tailor the most effective treatment options to each individual cancer patient based on the genetic profile of the tumor of each individual patient. Recently, tissue biopsy has become an essential part of cancer care and is widely used to characterize the tumor.

p27 loss promotes proliferation and phagocytosis but prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition in RPE cells after photoreceptor damage.

Purpose: p27 (p27), originally identified as a cell cycle inhibitor, is now known to have multifaceted roles beyond cell cycle regulation. p27 is required for the normal histogenesis of the RPE, but the role of p27 in the mature RPE remains elusive. To define the role of p27 in the maintenance and function of the RPE, we investigated the effects of p27 deletion on the responses of the RPE after photoreceptor damage.