Classification of Aβ State From Brain Amyloid PET Images Using Machine Learning Algorithm.

Background And Purpose: Analyzing brain amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) images to access the occurrence of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in Alzheimer's patients requires much time and effort from physicians, while the variation of each interpreter may differ. For these reasons, a machine learning model was developed using a convolutional neural network (CNN) as an objective decision to classify the Aβ positive and Aβ negative status from brain amyloid PET images.

Methods: A total of 7,344 PET images of 144 subjects were used in this study.

Impact of Metabolic Activity of Vertebra and Amygdala on Stroke Recurrence: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Elevated metabolic activity of amygdala is known to be related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular event by increasing inflammatory cell production from bone marrow. We tried to identify the factors of metabolic activity in the amygdala, vertebrae, liver, spleen, and internal carotid artery related to the future vascular events after stroke.

Methods: A total of 110 patients with acute stroke were included (72±10 years of age, 39% women) and underwent whole-body F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography between August 1, 2015 and February 28, 2020.

The uptake pattern of 18F-sodium fluoride radioligand in brain tissue after cerebral infarction.

Positron emission tomography with F-sodium fluoride (NaF) radioligand has been actively investigated in atherosclerosis research because it is known to detect microcalcification activity within atheroma. We studied whether NaF shows any uptake in the brain tissue of patients with acute ischemic stroke. This is a post-hoc analysis of previously reported cerebral atherosclerosis research with positron emission tomography which applied the two radioligands, F-fluorodeoxyglucose and NaF for the detection of culprit atheroma among 20 acute cerebral infarction patients (mean age = 75.

Association of androgen receptor expression with glucose metabolic features in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Androgen receptor (AR) is a potential therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We aimed to elucidate the association of AR expression with glucose metabolic features in TNBC.

Methods: Two independent datasets were analyzed: FDG PET data of our institution and a public dataset of GSE135565.

Aripiprazole Improved Post-Streptococcal Dyskinesia by Modulating Dopaminergic Activity: A Case Report.

This case report aimed to discuss the efficacy of aripiprazole for dyskinesia in patients with functional movement disorder after streptococcal infection, with its biological action of modulating dopamine hyperactivity in the basal ganglia as a dopamine partial agonist. This report has shown that the [18F] N -(3-Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbon ethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane positron emission tomography findings of the patient revealed that the dopamine hyperactivity in the basal ganglia at baseline was normalized after aripiprazole treatment due to its balancing effect as a dopamine partial agonist.

Prediction of post-stroke cognitive impairment using brain FDG PET: deep learning-based approach.

Purpose: Post-stroke cognitive impairment can affect up to one third of stroke survivors. Since cognitive function greatly contributes to patients' quality of life, an objective quantitative biomarker for early prediction of dementia after stroke is required. We developed a deep-learning (DL)-based signature using positron emission tomography (PET) to objectively evaluate cognitive decline in patients with stroke.

Comparison of endoscopically determined gross tumor volume and metabolic tumor volume in esophageal cancer.

The purpose of this study is to compare the longitudinal location of endoscopically-defined gross tumor volume (GTV) and positron emission tomography-based metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of esophageal cancer.A retrospective review of medical records was performed of the nine patients who underwent endoscopic placement of fiducial markers for radiotherapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopic hemoclips were used as the fiducial markers, and GTV was newly delineated solely based on the locations of the fiducial markers.

Variability of FP-CIT PET Patterns Associated With Clinical Features of Multiple System Atrophy.

Objective: To validate the role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging as a biomarker in multiple system atrophy (MSA), we analyzed the association between spatial patterns of [F]fluoro-propyl-carbomethoxy-iodophenyl-tropane ([F]FP-CIT) PET and the clinical characteristics of MSA.

Methods: Sixty-five patients with MSA who underwent [F]FP-CIT PET between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. To identify spatial patterns of [F]FP-CIT PET, principal component (PC) analysis was used and correlated with the clinical presentation.

An Update on [F]Fluoride PET Imaging for Atherosclerotic Disease.

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of life-threatening morbidity and mortality, as the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques leads to critical atherothrombotic events such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, which are the 2 most common causes of death worldwide. Vascular calcification is a complicated pathological process involved in atherosclerosis, and microcalcifications are presumed to increase the likelihood of plaque rupture. Despite many efforts to develop novel non-invasive diagnostic modalities, diagnostic techniques are still limited, especially before symptomatic presentation.

Evaluation of Hot Nodules of Thyroid Gland Using Tc-99m Pertechnetate: a Novel Approach Using Quantitative Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Planar scintigraphy using Tc-99m pertechnetate is useful for snapshot evaluation of hot thyroid nodules, which are pathologically follicular adenoma and seldom, if ever, malignant. The autonomy of the hot nodules has been demonstrated by the presence of thyroid-stimulating hormone-dependent extra-nodular thyroid tissue besides the hot nodules. Here, we present two cases of hot thyroid nodules in patients who underwent quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT).

Application of Quantitative Indexes of FDG PET to Treatment Response Evaluation in Indolent Lymphoma.

Purpose: Although F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a standard imaging modality for response evaluation in FDG-avid lymphoma, there is a controversy using FDG PET in indolent lymphoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of quantitative indexes on FDG PET in response evaluation of the indolent lymphoma.

Methods: Fifty-seven indolent lymphoma patients who completed chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled.

Measurement of Ga-DOTATOC Uptake in the Thoracic Aorta and Its Correlation with Cardiovascular Risk.

Purpose: Ga-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-,',″,‴-tetraacetic acid-d-Phe-Tyr-octreotide (Ga-DOTATOC) is taken up by activated macrophages, which accumulate in active inflammatory lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT for assessment of vulnerable plaque, by evaluating correlation between aortic uptake of Ga-DOTATOC and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: Fifty patients with neuroendocrine tumors who underwent Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT were retrospectively enrolled.