Assessment of Parental Awareness of Space Maintainers in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To evaluate parental awareness regarding space maintainers in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and examine variations in awareness based on parental sex and educational level.

Study Design: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Method: A self-administered questionnaire in Arabic was distributed to 630 parents from November 2021 to August 2022.

The Arabic Version of Compulsive Exercise Test among Saudi Population; Translation and Validation.

Compulsive exercise is a condition characterized by uncontrollable exercise behaviour that may lead to severe and harmful physical and psychological consequences. Indeed, compulsive exercise is among the early symptoms of eating disorders that may affect different age groups. Globally and among Arab countries, compulsive exercise is common, while the screening methods used to assess compulsive exercise are limited.

Light energy transmission and Vickers hardness ratio of bulk-fill resin based composites at different thicknesses cured by a dual-wave or a single-wave light curing unit.

Purpose: To quantify light energy transmission through two bulk-fill resin-based composites and to measure the top to bottom surface Vickers hardness ratio (VHratio) of samples of various incremental thicknesses, using either a single-wave or dual-wave light curing unit (LCU).

Methods: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TECBF) and SonicFill (SF) were studied. Using MARC-RC, the irradiance delivered to the top surface of the samples 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm thick (n= 5 for each thickness) was adjusted to 800 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds (16 J/cm2) using either a single-wave, Bluephase or a dual-wave, Bluephase G2 LCUs.