Efficacy of submucosal administration of tramadol on acute pain following third molar surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of submucosal tramadol injections in post-operative pain management following third molar surgical extraction.

Materials And Methods: Databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library, were systematically searched using relevant keywords. Randomized clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were assessed to determine the effectiveness of tramadol in managing acute post-operative pain following third molar surgery.

Effect of Ceramic Thickness and Technician Variability on the Shade Duplication of Dental Ceramo-Metallic Restorations.

Ceramic thickness and technicians' manipulative variables are critical factors affecting the resultant shade of dental ceramo-metallic restorations. This study investigated the effect of the following variables on shade duplication of ceramo-metallic specimens: (a) ceramic thickness; (b) differences between several technicians (inter-technician variability); and (c) the ability of each technician to repeat the resultant shade (intra-technician variability). Ninety ceramo-metallic specimens were prepared and divided into three main groups ( = 30/gp) according to the different technicians who built up the veneering ceramic of the specimens.