Sequential methotrexate and fluorouracil for the treatment of node-negative breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor-negative tumors: eight-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-13 and first report of findings from NSABP B-19 comparing methotrexate and fluorouracil with conventional cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil.

Purpose: To compare sequential methotrexate (M) and fluorouracil (F) (M-->F) with surgery (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project [NSABP] B-13) and cyclophosphamide (C), M, and F with M-->F (NSABP B-19), in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors and negative axillary nodes.

Patients And Methods: A total of 760 patients were randomized to B-13; 1,095 patients with the same eligibility requirements were randomized to B-19. Disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and survival were determined using life-table estimates.

A model of the effects of protective parent and peer factors on young adolescent alcohol refusal skills.

This paper describes the specification and testing of a model of protective parent and peer factors in peer refusal skills. Two modifiable protective factors suggested by relevant research on adolescent substance use-child attachment with parents and association with peers having prosocial norms-were incorporated as independent variables in the model. The effects of parent and child attendance at skills training interventions were also assessed.

Design and current status of the NSABP breast cancer prevention trial.

From its inception the BCPT has been the focus of bitter sustained controversy. In spite of reassessments by numerous advisory groups that have deemed the trial to be scientifically, clinically and ethically sound, its opponents have continued their assaults. That the trial has survived is a tribute to Dr.

Reanalysis and results after 12 years of follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy with lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer.

Background: Previous findings from a clinical trial (Protocol B-06) conducted by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) indicated the worth of lumpectomy and breast irradiation for treating breast cancer. After the discovery by NSABP staff members of falsified information on patients enrolled in the study by St. Luc Hospital in Montreal, separate audits were conducted at St.

Determinants of black/white differences in colon cancer survival.

Background: Blacks have lower survival rates for colon cancer than whites, possibly related to more advanced stages of disease at diagnosis and to socioeconomic differences between blacks and whites. While the black/white difference in colon cancer survival is well documented, the few studies that have investigated this difference have been limited by the modest number and type of explanatory factors that were considered.

Purpose: We analyzed data from the National Cancer Institute Black/White Cancer Survival Study to determine 1) what characteristics might contribute to the racial difference in colon cancer survival and 2) if a survival disparity remained between black and white patients after adjustment was made for these characteristics.

Base-line quality-of-life assessment in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Breast Cancer Prevention Trial.

Background: The Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) is a large, multicenter chemoprevention trial testing the efficacy of the antiestrogen drug tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer and coronary heart disease in healthy women at high risk of breast cancer. The BCPT evolved from a series of prior studies in early stage breast cancer demonstrating the efficacy of tamoxifen in the prevention of systemic breast cancer recurrence and in the reduction of contralateral breast cancers.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the methodologic considerations in the collection of health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) data in the BCPT and to present base-line HRQL data on the first 9749 participants.

Occupationally related cancer risk among coke oven workers: 30 years of follow-up.

This study concerns the update of cause-specific mortality among coke oven workers. Updated information provides 3 decades of work history and vital status follow-up on 15,818 workers. Mortality patterns are summarized by race, cumulative exposure, and period of follow-up.

Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) Protocol B-17. Intraductal carcinoma (ductal carcinoma in situ). The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Collaborating Investigators.

Background: Controversy exists concerning the natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, including its pathologic expression and treatment. This controversy has been fostered largely by the retrospective nature and limited sample sizes of extant studies.

Method: Resolution of some of these issues was attempted by analyzing the pathologic features of 573 examples of DCIS obtained from a larger cohort of 790 women with DCIS enrolled in Protocol B-17 of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project.

Racial differences in survival from breast cancer. Results of the National Cancer Institute Black/White Cancer Survival Study.

Objective: To examine the ability of recognized prognostic factors for breast cancer to account for the observed poorer survival in blacks compared with their white counterparts.

Design And Participants: Subjects included 1130 women (612 blacks and 518 whites) aged 20 to 79 years residing in metropolitan Atlanta, Ga, New Orleans, La, or San Francisco/Oakland, Calif, who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer. Information on stage, tumor characteristics, treatment, comorbid conditions, and sociodemographic factors was obtained from personal interview, physician and hospital records, and a pathology review of biopsy and surgical specimens.

Effective recruitment of parents into family-focused prevention research: A comparison of two strategies.

Recent literature highlights the need for more effective recruitment and retention strategies in prevention research. This article reports an investigation of the effectiveness of two recruitment strategies for a family-focused substance abuse prevention study. The first strategy offered prospective participants two points at which they could make a decision about their level of involvement in the research project and required only a limited initial time commitment.

Endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-14.

Background: Tamoxifen is advantageous in treating all stages of breast cancer. However, studies have suggested that incidence and severity of endometrial cancer increase in women treated with tamoxifen.

Purpose: We compared rates of endometrial and other cancers in tamoxifen- and non-tamoxifen-treated patients and described the pathologic characteristics of the endometrial cancers.

The significance of patient appearance in predicting severity of injury.

The observations of pallor, sweating, agitation and restlessness, at the time of an injured patient's admission to the resuscitation room, were compared with other more complex indices of injury severity and the ability of each observation to predict mortality was observed. The number of positive observations was significantly related to the Revised Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score, and pallor was significantly related to mortality. The observation that an injured patient is pale is an important index of severity.

Cause-specific mortality in long-term survivors of breast cancer who participated in trials of radiotherapy.

Purpose: To examine long-term cause-specific mortality in patients irradiated for breast cancer as part of a randomized clinical trial.

Patients And Methods: We studied all available information from randomized trials initiated before 1975 in which radiotherapy was the randomized option and surgery was the same for both treatment arms. Eight such trials were identified.

Histological characteristics of breast carcinoma in blacks and whites.

Tumor characteristics of 963 newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer cases from the population-based Black/White Cancer Survival Study were evaluated. Representative slides of the tumors were requested from all participating hospitals of three metropolitan areas and reviewed by one expert pathologist, blinded in regard to the age and race of patients. Nine tumor characteristics were evaluated for black and white patients.

Identifying program preferences through conjoint analysis: illustrative results from a parent sample.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to illustrate the application of conjoint analysis, a consumer research technique, using data from a survey of parents' preferences for prevention programs.

Design: This study utilized a one-time, cross-sectional telephone survey.

Setting: Data were collected from subjects living in economically disadvantaged rural midwestern counties.

The benefit of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil as postoperative adjuvant therapy for primary colon cancer: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol C-03.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil (5-FU) as adjuvant therapy for patients with Dukes' stage B and C colon cancer.

Patients And Methods: Data are presented from 1,081 patients with Dukes' stage B and C carcinoma of the colon entered into National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) protocol C-03 between August 1987 and April 1989. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either lomustine (MeCCNU), vincristine, and 5-FU (MOF), or leucovorin-modulated 5-FU (LV + 5-FU).

Breast cancer: factors associated with stage at diagnosis in black and white women. Black/White Cancer Survival Study Group.

Background: Numerous studies have reported differences in cancer staging at diagnosis and in survival between Black and White patients with breast cancer. Utilizing data obtained from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Black/White Cancer Survival Study for the period 1985-1986, a new study is presented here that systematically examines multiple explanatory factors (e.g.

Lumpectomy compared with lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer.

Background And Methods: Women with ductal carcinoma in situ have been treated both by lumpectomy and by lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy, but the benefit of combined therapy is uncertain. A group of 818 women with ductal carcinoma in situ were randomly assigned to undergo lumpectomy or lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation (50 Gy). Sufficient tissue was removed that the margins of the resected specimens were histologically tumor-free.

Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project protocol B-06. 10-year pathologic and clinical prognostic discriminants.

Background: Prognostic pathologic and clinical features for 10-year survival were determined from 22 pathologic and 5 clinical variables encountered in 1090 node-negative and 651 node-positive patients enrolled in NSABP protocol B-06.

Methods: All factors were first screened univariately. Those exhibiting P values < 0.

Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (Protocol 4). Discriminants for 15-year survival. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Investigators.

Twenty-one pathologic and five clinical features of Stage I and II invasive breast cancers from 620 patients enrolled in National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project Protocol B-04 were analyzed to determine their predictive value for 15-year survival. Ten pathologic features had a statistically significant univariate prognostic relationship with long-term survival. These were analyzed further using a Cox regression model that found only the number of nodal metastases (0, 1-3, 4-9, or 10+), tumor size (< or = 2.