Gender-specific echocardiographic findings in nonagenarians with cardiovascular disease.

Echocardiographic findings in the fastest growing segment of our population, the very elderly, are limited in the literature. We performed a retrospective analysis of 431 consecutive nonagenarians who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (2-dimensional, M-mode, pulse and continuous wave Doppler with color flow mapping) at our center. Mean age was 92.

Endoscopic ultrasound: what is it and when should it be used?

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an increasingly available diagnostic and therapeutic tool used within the U.K. it has wide applications both in the gastrointestinal tract and mediastinum with its current main uses being in the staging of luminal malignancies and assessment of pancreatic and subepithelial lesions.

Management of chronic allograft dysfunction by switch over to rapamycin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of conversion from calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-based to a rapamycin-based immunosuppressive regimen in renal transplant recipients who had allograft dysfunction, in a South Indian population. We analyzed the results of 75 (19.5%) of the 398 renal transplants performed over a five-year period from 2002 to 2007, who were converted from a CNI-based immunosuppression to rapamycin including patients with chronic allograft dysfunction, chronic allograft injury and malignancy.

An overview of Indian research in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was considered a relatively rare disorder until about two decades ago. Since then, considerable advance has been made in understanding the various aspects of OCD that include epidemiology, clinical features, comorbidity, biology and treatment. In the last one decade, there has also been interest in a group of related disorders called obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.

Novel substituted (Z)-5-((N-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)imidazolidine-2,4-diones and 5-((N-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triones as potent radio-sensitizing agents.

A series of (Z)-5-((N-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (9a-9m) and 5-((N-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (10a-10i) derivatives that incorporate a variety of aromatic substituents in both the indole and N-benzyl moieties have been synthesized. These analogs were evaluated for their radiosensitization activity against the HT-29 cell line. Three analogs, 10a, 10b, and 10c were identified as the most potent radiosensitizing agents.

LC and LC-MS/MS study of forced decomposition behavior of anastrozole and establishment of validated stability-indicating analytical method for impurities estimation in low dose anastrozole tablets.

Anastrozole tablets were subjected to different ICH prescribed stress conditions of thermal, hydrolysis, humidity, photolysis and oxidation stress. The drug was found to be stable for all the stressed conditions except for oxidation. Separation of anastrozole from its potential impurities, degradation products and five anastrozole related compounds as main impurities were achieved on Inertsil ODS-3V, 250 mm x 4.

Multi-catalysis cascade reactions based on the methoxycarbonylketene platform: diversity-oriented synthesis of functionalized non-symmetrical malonates for agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.

In this paper we describe new multi-catalysis cascade (MCC) reactions for the one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized non-symmetrical malonates. These metal-free reactions are either five-step (olefination/hydrogenation/alkylation/ketenization/esterification) or six-step (olefination/hydrogenation/alkylation/ketenization/esterification/alkylation), and employ aldehydes/ketones, Meldrum's acid, 1,4-dihydropyridine/o-phenylenediamine, diazomethane, alcohols and active ethylene/acetylenes, and involve iminium-, self-, self-, self- and base-catalysis, respectively. Many of the products have direct application in agricultural and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Hydrogeological aspects of Rajampet--a drought prone taluk, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh (India).

Rajampet taluk is semi-arid and drought prone situated in Kadapa district in Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh, was selected to conduct groundwater investigations. The study area was investigated in terms of its geology, hydrogeology, geoelectrical, aquifer parameters and quality of water. The groundwater samples from the wells of Rajampet taluk were collected and the chemical analysis for various parameters has been carried out.

Synthesis, characterization, DNA-binding, and DNA-photocleavage properties of [Co(bpy)2(7-NO2-dppz)]3+, [Co(dmb)2(7-NO2-dppz)]3+, and [Co(phen)2(7-NO2-dppz)]3+ complexes: (7-nitro-dppz = 7-nitro dipyrido[3,2-a:2'-3'-c]phenazine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and their toxicity on different microorganisms.

The polypyridyl ligand 7-Nitro dipyrido[3,2-a:2'-3'-c]phenazine (7-Nitro-dppz) and its complexes [Co(bpy)(2)(7-NO(2)-dppz)](3+)(1) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), [Co(dmb)(2)(7-NO(2)-dppz)](3+)(2), (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), and [Co(phen)(2)(7-NO(2)-dppz)](3+)(3) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized by UV/VIS, IR, elemental analysis, (1)H and (13)C-NMR, and mass spectra. The binding properties of the three complexes to CT-DNA were investigated by different spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements and DNA cleavage assay. The experimental results suggest that these complexes bind to CT-DNA through an intercalative mode.

Synthesis of fused pyran-carbahexopyranoses as glycosidase inhibitors.

Synthesis of polyhydroxylated oxabicyclo[4,4,0]decanes, which constitute a new family of annulated carbasugars, has been accomplished in a stereoselective manner by employing readily available 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-d-glycopyranoses.

Sex differences in Indian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Sex has been postulated as one of the factors mediating heterogeneity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study investigated the sex differences in OCD with respect to sociodemographics, symptom profile, and comorbidity including spectrum disorders. Two hundred thirty-one subjects diagnosed with OCD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria were included in the study.

Anti-atherosclerotic effect of atorvastatin and clopidogrel alone and in combination in rats.

Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels due to the accumulation of macrophage white blood cells and low density lipoproteins. Effects of atorvastatin, a recently introduced lipid lowering statin was studied alone and in combination with clopidogrel in high fat diet fed atherosclerotic rats orally. Results showed significant reduction in total serum cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels and significant improvement in urine creatinine levels.

Multi-catalysis reactions: direct organocatalytic sequential one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopenta[b]chromen-1-ones.

We have developed a new technology called multi-catalysis for the sequential one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized heterocycles. A practical and novel multi-component aniline-, self- and Brønsted acid-catalyzed selective process for the sequential one-pot synthesis of highly substituted 2-(2-hydroxy-aryl)-cyclopentane-1,3-diones, 3,9-dihydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]chromen-1-ones and 3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-xanthen-1-ones is reported. Direct combination of aniline- and self-catalyzed cascade olefination-hydrogenation (O-H) and Brønsted acid-catalyzed cascade oxy-Michael-dehydration (OM-DH) of 1,3-diones, salicylic aldehydes and organic-hydrides is developed in one-pot to furnish the highly functionalized 3,9-dihydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]chromen-1-ones and 3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-xanthen-1-ones with high yields.

Evaluation of efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and adherence in HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral-naïve patients treated with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus fixed-dose tenofovir DF/emtricitabine given once daily.

Objectives: Evaluate efficacy, safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, adherence, and treatment satisfaction of atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) 300 mg/100mg and tenofovir DF/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) 300 mg/200mg once daily in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients.

Method: Single-arm, open-label, multicenter 48-week study.

Results: 100 patients were evaluated; 17 patients discontinued early including 6 for adverse events.

Management of dens invaginatus diagnosed by spiral computed tomography: a case report.

A thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy of the root canal system as well as the possible aberrancies is imperative for success of endodontic therapy. The challenge lies in diagnosing these conditions properly, complete debridement of the root canal system, and 3-dimensional sealing of the same. Conventional diagnostic aids like radiographs play an important role in assessment of complex root canal morphologies.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without tic disorder: a comparative study from India.

Introduction: Evidence from phenomenological, family, genetic, and treatment studies from Western centers have suggested that tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) could be different from non-tic-related OCD. This study from India investigated the differences in OCD with and without tics, with respect to sociodemographics, symptom profile, and comorbidity, including obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, to examine whether the clinical profile of tic-related OCD is similar to that reported previously.

Methods: Fifty subjects with OCD and tics (chronic motor tics and Tourette syndrome) were compared with 141 OCD subjects without tics.

Structure and functional analysis of wheat ICE (inducer of CBF expression) genes.

Two different inducers of CBF expression (ICE1-like genes), TaICE41 and TaICE87, were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from cold-treated wheat aerial tissues. TaICE41 encodes a protein of 381 aa with a predicted MW of 39.5 kDa while TaICE87 encodes a protein of 443 aa with a predicted MW of 46.

Are neuropsychological deficits trait markers in OCD?

Objective: Neuropsychological deficits are potential endophenotype markers. In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there is impairment in executive functions and nonverbal memory. However, studies have largely examined neuropsychological functioning in patients during the symptomatic phase.

Optical and electrical studies of vapour phase grown Cd1-xCoxTe crystals.

The optical properties of vapour phase grown crystals of diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) Cd1-xCoxTe were investigated for x=0.001, 0.003, 0.

Clinical profile of "schizo-obsessive" disorder: a comparative study.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common comorbid condition in schizophrenia. The clinical implications of this comorbidity are uncertain. There is some evidence to suggest that schizophrenia with OCD (schizo-obsessive) has a poor prognosis, but the effect of OCD on schizophrenia symptom profile is unclear.

Differential extracellular and intracellular concentrations of zidovudine and lamivudine in semen and plasma of HIV-1-infected men.

Objectives: To quantitate extracellular and intracellular zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) concentrations in blood and semen of HIV-1-infected men.

Design: : Nonblind, single-center, open-label pharmacokinetic (PK) study in 14 subjects receiving ZDV plus 3TC.

Methods: Paired blood and semen samples were obtained during 1 intensive visit and 3 single time point visits over 2 weeks.

Double cascade reactions based on the Barbas dienamine platform: highly stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclohexanes for cardiovascular agents.

The amino acid proline catalyzed the three- and five-component cascade olefination-Diels-Alder-epimerization and olefination-Diels-Alder-epimerization-olefination-hydrogenation reactions of readily available precursors enones 1a-i, arylaldehydes 2a-k, alkyl cyanoacetates 3a-e and Hantzsch ester 9 to furnish highly substituted prochiral 1-cyano-4-oxo-2,6-diaryl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid alkyl esters 6 and 1-cyano-4-(cyano-alkoxycarbonyl-methyl)-2,6-diaryl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid alkyl esters 10 in a highly diastereoselective fashion with excellent yields. Prochiral cis-isomers 6 are excellent starting materials for the synthesis of cardiovascular agents and hypnotic active products.