Stillbirth and fetal anomalies: secondary analysis of a case-control study.

Objective: Approximately 10% of stillbirths are attributed to fetal anomalies, but anomalies are also common in live births. We aimed to assess the relationship between anomalies, by system and stillbirth.

Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, case-control study.

Customized Probability of Vaginal Delivery With Induction of Labor and Expectant Management in Nulliparous Women at 39 Weeks of Gestation.

Objective: To develop models to predict vaginal delivery in low-risk, nulliparous women contemplating elective induction of labor or expectant management at 39 weeks of gestation.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of planned elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation compared with expectant management for low-risk nulliparous women. Two groups were included for this analysis: 1) women who were randomized to the induction of labor group and underwent elective induction at 39 0/7-39 4/7 weeks of gestation and 2) women who were randomized to the expectant management group who experienced spontaneous labor or medically indicated delivery (including postterm).

Elective Labor Induction at 39 Weeks of Gestation Compared With Expectant Management: Factors Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women.

Objective: To evaluate characteristics associated with adverse outcomes in low-risk nulliparous women randomized to elective labor induction at 39 weeks of gestation or expectant management.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of women randomized during the 38th week to induction at 39 weeks of gestation or expectant management. Deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation and those not adherent to study protocol or with fetal anomalies were excluded.

Externally Validated Prediction Model of Vaginal Delivery After Preterm Induction With Unfavorable Cervix.

Objective: To create and externally validate a predictive model to calculate the likelihood of vaginal delivery after preterm induction with unfavorable cervix.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a singleton gestation from a single academic institution who underwent an induction of labor at less than 37 weeks of gestation from January 2009 to June 2018. Women with contraindications for vaginal delivery were excluded.

Optimal timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration and preterm neonatal and early childhood outcomes.

Background: Antenatal corticosteroids reduce morbidity and mortality among preterm neonates. However, the optimal timing of steroid administration with regards to severe neonatal and early childhood morbidity is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the timing of antenatal corticosteroid adminstration and preterm outcomes.

Repurposing a Neurocritical Care Unit for the Management of Severely Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Evaluation.

Background: The World Health Organisation declared a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on March 11, 2020. Following activation of the UK pandemic response, our institution began planning for admission of COVID-19 patients to the neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU) to support the local critical care network which risked being rapidly overwhelmed by the high number of cases. This report will detail our experience of repurposing a neuro-ICU for the management of severely ill patients with COVID-19 while retaining capacity for urgent neurosurgical and neurology admissions.

Causal Genetic Variants in Stillbirth.

Background: In the majority of cases, the cause of stillbirth remains unknown despite detailed clinical and laboratory evaluation. Approximately 10 to 20% of stillbirths are attributed to chromosomal abnormalities. However, the causal nature of single-nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions in exomes has been understudied.

Association of age with risk of first and subsequent allograft failure and mortality among young kidney transplant recipients in the USA - a retrospective cohort study.

Adolescent age may be a high-risk period for kidney allograft failure. However, the knowledge on this topic is limited mostly to the first transplant. Among 20 960 patients aged ≤21 years at the first kidney transplantation from the US Renal Data System, we evaluated the association of age at the first kidney transplant with risk for the first and subsequent graft failures (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) using the conditional risk set model for recurrent time-to-event data.

Neonatal and Maternal Composite Adverse Outcomes Among Low-Risk Nulliparous Women Compared With Multiparous Women at 39-41 Weeks of Gestation.

Objective: To estimate whether the frequency of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes differs between low-risk nulliparous and multiparous women at 39-41 weeks of gestation.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of an observational obstetrics cohort of maternal-neonatal dyads at 25 hospitals. Low-risk women with nonanomalous singletons who delivered between 39 0/7 and 41 6/7 weeks of gestation were included.

Antenatal Corticosteroids and Preterm Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality among Women with and without Diabetes in Pregnancy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether antenatal corticosteroid exposure has a differential association with preterm neonatal morbidity among women with and without diabetes.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of an observational cohort of 115,502 women and their neonates born in 25 U.S.

Approach and Management of Hypertension After Kidney Transplantation.

Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular co-morbidities after successful kidney transplantation. It commonly occurs in patients with other metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. The pathogenesis of post-transplant hypertension is complex and is a result of the interplay between immunological and non-immunological factors.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Metabolic Dysfunction in Women with a Prior Glucose-Intolerant Pregnancy.

Objective: We sought to determine if there is an association between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels and a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with and without metabolic dysfunction, defined as a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes (T2DM), 5 to 10 years following participation in a multiple cohort GDM study.

Study Design: At 5 to 10 years after index pregnancy, women underwent a follow-up visit and were categorized as having no metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome, or T2DM. FGF21 levels were compared between women who did and did not have a history of GDM using multivariable linear regression.

SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta.

BACKGROUNDThe effects of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy remain relatively unknown. We present a case of second trimester pregnancy with symptomatic COVID-19 complicated by severe preeclampsia and placental abruption.METHODSWe analyzed the placenta for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through molecular and immunohistochemical assays and by and electron microscopy and measured the maternal antibody response in the blood to this infection.

Geochemistry data of the nadergul granodiorite of the late archean hyderabad granite batholith, part of eastern dharwar craton, india; implications for composition of the lower continental crust.

The Nadergul granodiorite (NG), is a part of Hyderabad Granite Batholith (HGB), exposed at ground level covering an area of 6 km. Field observational data suggests that the NG is involved in the magma mixing mingling process. Petrographical data shows holocrystaline, phaneritic, coarse grained, inequigranular, mesocratic characteristics, essentially consists of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and microcline.

Cost of Elective Labor Induction Compared With Expectant Management in Nulliparous Women.

Objective: To compare the actual health-system cost of elective labor induction at 39 weeks of gestation with expectant management.

Methods: This was an economic analysis of patients enrolled in the five Utah hospitals participating in a multicenter randomized trial of elective labor induction at 39 weeks of gestation compared with expectant management in low-risk nulliparous women. The entire trial enrolled more than 6,000 patients.

Trial of Labor After Two Prior Cesarean Deliveries: Patient and Hospital Characteristics and Birth Outcomes.

Objective: Trial of labor after cesarean delivery has been mostly studied in the setting of one prior cesarean delivery; controversy remains regarding the risks and benefits of trial of labor for women with two prior cesarean deliveries. This study aimed to examine utilization, success rate, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of trial of labor in this population.

Methods: Using linked hospital discharge and birth certificate data, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of mothers with nonanomalous, term, singleton live births in California between 2010-2012 and had two prior cesarean deliveries and no clear contraindications for trial of labor.

Hyponatremia: A possible immuno-neuroendocrine interface with COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient.

There is fast-emerging, cumulative clinical data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplant recipients. Although respiratory tract symptoms are often the initial presentation among kidney transplant recipients who contract COVID-19, other clinical features which may indicate underlying SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, are not uncommon. Hyponatremia can develop and may reflect underlying inflammation.

Psychosocial and Sociodemographic Contributors to Breastfeeding Intention in First-Time Mothers.

Objective: Breastfeeding has multiple benefits for women and babies. Understanding factors contributing to intention to exclusively breastfeed may allow for improving the rates in first-time mothers. The study objective was to examine factors associated with a woman's intention to breastfeed her first child.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Associated with Amniotomy among Nulliparous Women Undergoing Labor Induction at Term.

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between amniotomy at various time points during labor induction and maternal and neonatal outcomes among term, nulliparous women.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial of term labor induction versus expectant management in low-risk, nulliparous women (2014-2017) was conducted. Women met inclusion criteria if they underwent induction ≥38 weeks' gestation using oxytocin with documented time and type of membrane rupture.

A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious, rapidly spreading viral disease with an alarming case fatality rate up to 5%. The risk factors for severe presentations are concentrated in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are dialysis dependent. We report the first US case of a 56-year-old nondiabetic male with ESRD secondary to IgA nephropathy undergoing thrice-weekly maintenance hemodialysis for 3 years, who developed COVID-19 infection.

Customized versus Population Growth Standards for Morbidity and Mortality Risk Stratification Using Ultrasonographic Fetal Growth Assessment at 22 to 29 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: The aim of study is to compare the performance of ultrasonographic customized and population fetal growth standards for prediction adverse perinatal outcomes.

Study Design: This was a secondary analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be, in which l data were collected at visits throughout pregnancy and after delivery. Percentiles were assigned to estimated fetal weights (EFWs) measured at 22 to 29 weeks using the Hadlock population standard and a customized standard (www.

Is there evidence for Novamin application in remineralization?: A Systematic review.

Background: Calcium sodium phosphor-silicate material, a type of bio-glass was originally developed as an implant material to regenerate bone and recently adapted for use in oral care products (NovaMin Technology Inc.). Novamin is used for many dental problems like hypersensitivity, gingivitis, bleeding, non-carious lesions, carious lesions, whitening and is currently emerging as one of the treatment modality for the remineralization of the tooth.

Weight gain in early, mid, and late pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Objective: To examine the relationship of weight change during early, mid, and late pregnancy with the development of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP).

Study Design: These data are from a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women with live singleton pregnancies. "Early" weight change was defined as the difference between self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight at the first visit (between 6 and 13 weeks' gestation); "mid" weight change was defined as the weight change between the first and second visits (between 16 and 21 weeks' gestation); "late" weight change was defined as the weight change between the second and third visits (between 22 and 29 weeks' gestation).