Nitric oxide regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in plants.

The site of nitric oxide (NO) production in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and the role of NO in mitochondrial biogenesis are not known in plants. By imposing osmotic stress and recovery on Arabidopsis seedlings we investigated the site of NO production and its role in mitochondrial biogenesis. Osmotic stress reduced growth and mitochondrial number while increasing NO production.

Functional characterization of a new ORF βV1 encoded by radish leaf curl betasatellite.

Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses infect and damage a wide range of food, feed, and fiber crops worldwide. Some of these viruses are associated with betasatellite molecules that are known to enhance viral pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the function of a novel βV1 protein encoded by radish leaf curl betasatellite (RaLCB) by overexpressing the protein using potato virus X (PVX)-based virus vector in .

Rice transcriptome upon infection with pv. relative to its avirulent T3SS-defective strain exposed modulation of many stress responsive genes.

Unlabelled: pv. (Xoo) is a destructive pathogen that causes bacterial blight disease of rice worldwide. Xoo uses T3SS (type III secretion system) effectors to subvert rice innate immunity.

Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity.

Background: Geminiviruses are circular, single-stranded viruses responsible for enormous crop loss worldwide. Rapid expansion of geminivirus diversity outweighs the continuous effort to control its spread. Geminiviruses channelize the host cell machinery in their favour by manipulating the gene expression, cell signalling, protein turnover, and metabolic reprogramming of plants.

Complete Genome Sequence of Indian Race 4 of pv. , the Causal Agent of Bacterial Blight of Rice.

pv. , the causal bacterium of bacterial blight limits rice production globally. Currently, genome sequences for only a few pv.

Expression Analysis of Important Genes Involved in Nitrogen Metabolism Under Hypoxia.

Hypoxia or anoxia condition can occurs during flooding or waterlogging and can cause intense damage to the plants. Since oxygen is important for active operation of electron transport chain in mitochondria to generate energy production (ATP) any drop in oxygen can cause an energy crisis during flooding/waterlogging. To cope with this energy crisis plants have developed various anatomical, physiological, and biochemical adaptations.

Measurement of Nitrate Reductase Activity in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Leaves Under Different Conditions.

Nitrogen is one of the crucial macronutrients essential for plant growth, development, and survival under stress conditions. Depending on cellular requirement, plants can absorb nitrogen mainly in multiple forms such as nitrate (NO) or ammonium (NH) or combination of both via efficient and highly regulated transport systems in roots. In addition, nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in to NH via highly regulated complex enzyme system and supply to the roots in nodules of several species of leguminous plants.

An Overview of Important Enzymes Involved in Nitrogen Assimilation of Plants.

Nitrogen (N) is a macro-nutrient that is essential for growth development and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses of plants. Nitrogen is a constituent of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, and various primary and secondary metabolites. The atmosphere contains huge amounts of nitrogen but it cannot be taken up directly by plants.

Multifaceted role of geminivirus associated betasatellite in pathogenesis.

Begomoviruses have emerged as a group of plant pathogens that cause devastating diseases in a wide range of crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Betasatellites, the circular single-stranded DNA molecules with the size of almost half of that of the associated helper begomoviruses, are often essential for the production of typical disease symptoms in several virus-host systems. Association of betasatellites with begomoviruses results in more severe symptoms in the plants and affects the yield of numerous crops leading to huge agroeconomic losses.

Current approaches to measure nitric oxide in plants.

Nitric oxide (NO) is now established as an important signalling molecule in plants where it influences growth, development, and responses to stress. Despite extensive research, the most appropriate methods to measure and localize these signalling radicals are debated and still need investigation. Many confounding factors such as the presence of other reactive intermediates, scavenging enzymes, and compartmentation influence how accurately each can be measured.