Postmenopausal hormone therapy: a concise guide to therapeutic uses, formulations, risks, and alternatives.

Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy is helpful in relieving menopausal vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy and can prevent osteoporosis; however, attendant risks include breast cancer, thromboembolism, gallbladder disease, stroke, CHD, dementia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Decision making must weigh these risks and benefits and also include potential benefits on mood, colorectal cancer prevention, and hip fracture reduction. Some areas, such as ovarian cancer risk and the impact of combination estrogen-progestin versus unopposed estrogen on risk, remain unclear.

Experienced clinical educators improve their clinical teaching effectiveness.

Objectives: To determine if experienced clinical educators (CEs) can improve their teaching by incorporating 4 literature-based teaching methods into their instruction.

Methods: We trained 7 experienced CEs on the teaching methods during a monthly faculty development program. Each CE recorded use of these methods during 10 months on a personal digital assistant.