Gangrenous cholecystitis: innovative laparoscopic techniques to facilitate subtotal fenestrating cholecystectomy when a critical view of safety cannot be achieved.

Background: Gangrenous cholecystitis is associated with a higher conversion rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open than acute non-gangrenous cholecystitis. New strategies and techniques are needed to decrease conversion rates and improve outcomes.

Methods: In this article, we provide a richly detailed, illustrated description of a modified fundus-first technique that we have developed over the last 15 years and now use routinely with rare conversions.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 mediates chronic pancreatitis pain in mice.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a devastating disease characterized by persistent and uncontrolled abdominal pain. Our lack of understanding is partially due to the lack of experimental models that mimic the human disease and also to the lack of validated behavioral measures of visceral pain. The ligand-gated cation channel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) mediates inflammation and pain in early experimental pancreatitis.