Clinical characterization of Co-morbid autoimmune disease and eating disorders: a retrospective chart review.

Research suggests a link between autoimmune illnesses (AI) and eating disorders (ED). We retrospectively reviewed charts of adolescent patients presenting for eating disorder treatment. We compared the presentation and treatment course for those with an ED and comorbid AI [with (GI-AI,  = 59) or without (non-GI,  = 21) gastrointestinal inflammation] with matched ED-only cases.

The buffet challenge: a behavioral assessment of eating behavior in adolescents with an eating disorder.

Objective: Eating disorders are characterized by disturbances in nutritional intake and abnormal mealtime behaviors. Laboratory eating paradigms offer a unique opportunity to accurately measure dietary intake and eating behaviors, however, these studies have predominantly occurred in adults. This paper describes the development and preliminary psychometric examination of the Buffet Challenge, a laboratory-based meal task for youths with an eating disorder.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms in parents of adolescents hospitalized with Anorexia nervosa.

The current study was a planned secondary analysis to examine post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in parents of youth hospitalized for medical stabilization due to anorexia nervosa (AN). Questionnaires were administered to 47 parents (34 mothers, 13 fathers; 10 parental dyads) after admission; follow-up occurred at discharge and 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-discharge. PTSS were present in the majority of mothers (55.

Cultural shifts in the symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa: The case of Orthorexia Nervosa.

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a term describing a fixation on food purity, involving ritualized eating patterns and a rigid avoidance of "unhealthy foods." Those self-identified as having ON tend to focus on food composition and feel immense guilt after eating food deemed "unhealthy." Although not formally recognized as a psychiatric disorder by the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), ON has received increasing attention since its identification in 1997.

To meat or not to meat: disordered eating and vegetarian status in university students.

Purpose: This study sought to examine associations between meat-restricted diets and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors in a large sample of university students and assess the relationships between motivations for choosing a vegetarian or semi-vegetarian diet and eating patterns.

Methods: University students (n = 1585; 60%F, 40%M, mean age 20.9) completed an online survey; students were categorized into vegetarians, semi-vegetarians, and non-vegetarians.

The shifting perspectives study protocol: Cognitive remediation therapy as an adjunctive treatment to family based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Adolescents with anorexia nervosa have set-shifting inefficiencies that can be exacerbated by starvation and that may interfere with outcomes of treatment interventions. Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT), an adjunctive treatment focused on improving set-shifting, can target inefficiencies and may augment treatment effectiveness. The best way to add CRT to the standard of care (Family Based Treatment, FBT) for adolescents with anorexia remains understudied.

Outcomes of a Rapid Adolescent Telehealth Scale-Up During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: To describe the first 30 days of rapid adolescent telehealth scale-up in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic at a single academic medical center and assess for disparities in visit completion rates by patient characteristics.

Methods: Visit outcome and patient demographic data were obtained via electronic health record (EHR) reports. Telehealth visit completion rates were compared by patient characteristics using the chi-square test and t-test.

Associations between ergogenic supplement use and eating behaviors among university students.

Ergogenic supplements to improve athletic performance are commonly used among college athletes, but little is known about their association with eating disorder symptoms. The objective of this study was to examine associations between ergogenic supplement use and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among university students, and to compare differences by sex. Undergraduate students from 10 top-ranked National College Athletics Association (NCAA) Division I colleges completed an online survey on supplement use, athletic activities, and eating attitudes and behaviors.

Conducting a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial on a Medical Inpatient Unit Utilizing Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Adolescents with Restrictive Eating Disorders: Protocol Updates and Reflections on Feasibility.

We conducted a pilot randomized control trial (RCT) to simultaneously examine the feasibility of effectively implementing Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) during medical hospitalization at a single-site hospital center. Employment of this protocol occurred on a general medical unit with diverse medical admitting diagnoses, not an eating disorder floor of a hospital and not part of a structured inpatient anorexia nervosa treatment program. This was the first time an RCT for a psychosocial intervention was implemented on this unit with patients with eating disorders.

Eating behavior and reasons for exercise among competitive collegiate male athletes.

Purpose: Research concerning eating disorders among adolescent and young adult male athletes is limited compared with female counterparts, but increasing evidence indicates that they may be at unique risk for unhealthy exercise and eating behavior. The current study aimed to characterize unhealthy exercise and eating behavior according to competitive athlete status, as well as per sport type.

Method: Collegiate male athletes (N = 611), each affiliated with one of the 10 National College Athletics Association (NCAA) Division I schools in the United States, completed an online survey, reporting on eating and extreme weight control behaviors, and reasons for exercise.

Medical Complications of Eating Disorders in Youth.

Eating disorders affect a significant number of individuals across the life span and are found among all demographic groups (including all genders, socioeconomic statuses, and ethnicities). They can cause malnutrition, which can have significant effects on every organ system in the body. Cardiovascular complications are particularly dangerous and cause eating disorders to have the highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses.

Comparisons of bone density and body composition among adolescents with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa.

Objective: To compare bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition among adolescents: (a) with atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) versus anorexia nervosa (AN) and (b) those with and without a prior history of overweight.

Method: Electronic medical records of patients 9-20 years with AN or AAN who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results: A total of 286 adolescents with AN or AAN were included.

Associations between exercise, bone mineral density, and body composition in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: To identify the effect of duration of weight-bearing exercise and team sports participation on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition among adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of all patients 9-20 years old with a DSM-5 diagnosis of AN evaluated by the Stanford Eating Disorders Program (1997-2011) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results: A total of 188 adolescents with AN were included (178 females and 10 males).

Characterization and correlates of exercise among adolescents with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Objective: To characterize exercise behaviors among adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN), atypical AN, or bulimia nervosa (BN), and determine associations between exercise and medical risk.

Study Design: Cross-sectional electronic medical records of all patients evaluated by the Eating Disorder Program at Stanford between January 1997 and February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: 1,083 subjects (961 females, 122 males; mean age 15.

Outcomes of an inpatient medical nutritional rehabilitation protocol in children and adolescents with eating disorders.

Background: Medical stabilization through inpatient nutritional rehabilitation is often necessary for patients with eating disorders (EDs) but includes the inherent risk of refeeding syndrome. Here we describe our experience of implementing and sustaining an inpatient nutritional rehabilitation protocol designed to strategically prepare patients with EDs and their families for discharge to a home setting in an efficient and effective manner from a general adolescent medicine unit. We report outcomes at admission, discharge, and 4-weeks follow-up.

Assessment of Sex Differences in Body Composition Among Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa.

Purpose: To compare deficits in fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LM) among male and female adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to identify other covariates associated with body composition.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of all subjects aged 9-20 years with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnosis of AN and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans after initial evaluation at Stanford between March 1997 and February 2011. From the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, LM and FM results were converted to age-, height-, sex-, and race-specific Z-scores for age using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reference data.

Effect of a Prior History of Overweight on Return of Menses in Adolescents With Eating Disorders.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a history of overweight, weight suppression, and weight gain during treatment have an effect on return of menses (ROM) in adolescents with eating disorders (EDs).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of female adolescents presenting to an ED program from January 2007 to June 2009.

Results: One hundred sixty-three participants (mean age, 16.

Body Image and Eating Disorders Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth.

Adolescence is a crucial period for emerging sexual orientation and gender identity and also body image disturbance and disordered eating. Body image distortion and disordered eating are important pediatric problems affecting individuals along the sexual orientation and gender identity spectrum. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) youth are at risk for eating disorders and body dissatisfaction.

Assessment of sex differences in bone deficits among adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare sex differences in bone deficits among adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to identify other correlates of bone health.

Method: Electronic medical records of all patients 9-20 years of age with a DSM-5 diagnosis of AN who were evaluated by the eating disorders program at Stanford with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) between March 1997 and February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Whole body bone mineral content Z-scores and bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores at multiple sites were recorded using the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS) reference data.

Eating disorders in children and adolescents: state of the art review.

Despite their high prevalence, associated morbidity and mortality, and available treatment options, eating disorders (EDs) continue to be underdiagnosed by pediatric professionals. Many adolescents go untreated, do not recover, or reach only partial recovery. Higher rates of EDs are seen now in younger children, boys, and minority groups; EDs are increasingly recognized in patients with previous histories of obesity.

Prevalence and clinical significance of night eating syndrome in university students.

Purpose: Most studies of night eating syndrome (NES) fail to control for binge eating, despite moderate overlap between the two conditions. Establishing the independent clinical significance of NES is imperative for it to be considered worthy of clinical attention. We compared students with and without NES on eating disorder symptomatology, quality of life, and mental health, while exploring the role of binge eating in associations.

The role of the pediatrician in family-based treatment for adolescent eating disorders: opportunities and challenges.

Empiric research supports that family-based treatment (FBT) is an effective treatment for adolescents with eating disorders. This review outlines the role of the pediatrician in FBT for adolescent eating disorders, specifically focusing on how pediatric care changes during treatment, and discusses current challenges and misconceptions regarding FBT. Although FBT introduces unique challenges to pediatricians trained in earlier eating disorder treatment approaches, effective support of the approach by pediatricians is critical to its success.

The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among university men and women at different levels of athleticism.

The aim of the current study was to establish norms for the Eating Disorder (ED) Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among competitive athletes and to explore the contribution of level of athletic involvement and gender to ED psychopathology, as measured by the EDE-Q. University students (n = 1637) from ten United States universities were recruited online via a social networking website and asked to complete an anonymous survey. The sample was then divided according to gender and level of sports participation.