Beta cell function after intensive subcutaneous insulin therapy or intravenous insulin infusion at onset of type 1 diabetes in children without ketoacidosis.

Background: Our aim was to see if IV insulin therapy at diagnosis preserves beta-cell function better than multiple subcutaneous (SC) injections.

Methods: Fifty-four children 9.9 ± 3.

Carbohydrate counting with a bolus calculator improves post-prandial blood glucose levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using insulin pumps.

Aim: Carbohydrate counting (CC) is widely used in insulin pumps. The primary objectives of this study were improvement of HbA1c and meal-related plasma glucose (PG) levels when using CC.

Methods: Forty patients with pump treatment, aged 13.