The Early Youth Engagement (EYE-2) intervention in first-episode psychosis services: pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness evaluation.

Background: Early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services improve outcomes for young people, but approximately 30% disengage.

Aims: To test whether a new motivational engagement intervention would prolong engagement and whether it was cost-effective.

Method: We conducted a multicentre, single-blind, parallel-group, cluster randomised controlled trial involving 20 EIP teams at five UK National Health Service (NHS) sites.

Stable in vitro fluorescence for enhanced live imaging of infection models for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

Realistic and modifiable infection models are required to study the pathogenesis of amphibian chytridiomycosis. Understanding the mechanism by which Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) can infect and kill diverse amphibians is key to mitigating this pathogen and preventing further loss of biodiversity. In vitro studies of Bd typically rely on a tryptone based growth media, whereas the recent development of a kidney cell-line infection model has provided a more realistic alternative, without the need for live animals.

Small Interfering RNA Mediated Messenger RNA Knockdown in the Amphibian Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

RNA interference (RNAi) has not been tested in the pandemic amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, but developing this technology could be useful to elucidate virulence mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets, and may present a novel antifungal treatment option for chytridiomycosis. To manipulate and decipher gene function, rationally designed small interfering RNA (siRNA) can initiate the destruction of homologous messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in the "knockdown" of target gene expression. Here, we investigate whether siRNA can be used to manipulate gene expression in B.

Glutathione-Mediated Metal Tolerance in an Amphibian Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis).

The spread of the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes the disease chytridiomycosis, has resulted in amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. Some susceptible amphibian species can persist in contaminated habitats, prompting the hypothesis that B. dendrobatidis might be sensitive to heavy metals.

Advances in Managing Chytridiomycosis for Australian Frogs: .

Extensive knowledge gains from research worldwide over the 25 years since the discovery of chytridiomycosis can be used for improved management. Strategies that have saved populations in the short term and/or enabled recovery include captive breeding, translocation into disease refugia, translocation from resistant populations, disease-free exclosures, and preservation of disease refuges with connectivity to previous habitat, while antifungal treatments have reduced mortality rates in the wild. Increasing host resistance is the goal of many strategies under development, including vaccination and targeted genetic interventions.

The Binding, Infection, and Promoted Growth of by the Ranavirus FV3.

Increasing reports suggest the occurrence of co-infection between Ranaviruses such as Frog Virus 3 (FV3) and the chytrid fungus (Bd) in various amphibian species. However, the potential direct interaction of these two pathogens has not been examined to date. In this study, we investigated whether FV3 can interact with Bd in vitro using qPCR, conventional microscopy, and immunofluorescent microscopy.

Glutathione is required for growth and cadmium tolerance in the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a lethal amphibian pathogen, partly due to its ability to evade the immune system of susceptible frog species. In many pathogenic fungi, the antioxidant glutathione is a virulence factor that helps neutralise oxidative stressors generated from host immune cells, as well as other environmental stressors such as heavy metals. The role of glutathione in stress tolerance in Bd has not been investigated.

Meta-review of the barriers and facilitators to women accessing perinatal mental healthcare.

Unlabelled: Perinatal mental health (PMH) problems are common and can have an adverse impact on women and their families. However, research suggests that a substantial proportion of women with PMH problems do not access care.

Objectives: To synthesise the results from previous systematic reviews of barriers and facilitators to women to seeking help, accessing help, and engaging in PMH care, and to suggest recommendations for clinical practice and policy.

Conceptual frameworks of barriers and facilitators to perinatal mental healthcare: the MATRIx models.

Background: Perinatal mental health (PMH) problems are a leading cause of maternal death and increase the risk of poor outcomes for women and their families. It is therefore important to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing and accessing PMH care.

Aims: To develop a conceptual framework of barriers and facilitators to PMH care to inform PMH services.

Health anxiety, death anxiety and coronaphobia: Predictors of postpartum depression symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To determine levels of postpartum depression symptoms and possible relevant predictors, such as death anxiety, health anxiety, and coronavirus-related anxiety.

Design: Cross-sectional web-based survey using quantitative methods.

Setting: Exclusively online recruiting via social media and unpaid cross-posting conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania.

The perceived impact of birth trauma witnessed by maternity health professionals: A systematic review.

Objectives: Maternity health professionals (MHPs) caring for women may witness or be involved in traumatic births. This can be associated with MHPs experiencing secondary traumatic stress (STS) or probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may impact MHPs emotionally and physically. The aims of this review were therefore to determine: (i) the prevalence of STS and PTSD in maternity health professionals; and (ii) the impact of witnessing birth trauma on maternity health professionals.

Children's Covid-19 writing and drawings and the existential imperative to educate for uncertainty.

The Covid-19 pandemic provokes a pedagogic crisis: education is ill-adapted to accommodate multiple uncertainties in students' lives. We examine how pandemic uncertainty is registered in a global collection of writing and drawing from 4 to 17-years-old, during the 2020 lockdowns. The study engages with Biesta's (2021) philosophical work on 'world-centred education', offering empirical examples from the collection that goes beyond the immediacy of everyday lives.

The impact of antenatal imaging on parent experience and prenatal attachment: a systematic review.

Introduction: Medical imaging in pregnancy (antenatal imaging) is routine. However, the effect of seeing fetal images on the parent-fetal relationship is not well understood, particularly for fathers or partners, or when using advanced imaging technologies. This review aimed to explore how parent experience and prenatal attachment is impacted by antenatal imaging.

Non-detection of mycoviruses in amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) from Australia.

Mycoviruses may influence the pathogenicity of disease-causing fungi. Although mycoviruses have been found in some chytrid fungi, limited testing has not detected them in Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the cause of the devastating amphibian disease, chytridiomycosis. Here we conducted a survey for mycovirus presence in 38 Bd isolates from Australia (n = 31), Brazil (n = 5) and South Korea (n = 2) with a combination of modern high-throughput sequencing and conventional dsRNA cellulose chromatography.

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Experiences During COVID-19.

Purpose: To identify postpartum depression risk and describe experiences of women in the first 6 weeks after giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design And Methods: Using a convergent mixed-methods approach, we recruited a convenience sample of women living in the United States who gave birth March 1, 2020 or later from social media Web sites. Participants completed the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale-Short Form and provided written answers to open-ended questions regarding their experiences at home with their new infant.

The Journey towards resilience following a traumatic birth: A grounded theory.

Unlabelled: Statistics have shown that up to 30% of women experience birth as traumatising. However, most women do not go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and instead appear to be resilient. Research is still sparse in the field of traumatic birth and resilience, and it is not known how women develop resilience after a traumatic birth.

Declining amphibians might be evolving increased reproductive effort in the face of devastating disease.

The devastating infectious disease chytridiomycosis has caused declines of amphibians across the globe, yet some populations are persisting and even recovering. One understudied effect of wildlife disease is changes in reproductive effort. Here, we aimed to understand if the disease has plastic effects on reproduction and if reproductive effort could evolve with disease endemism.

When birth is not as expected: a systematic review of the impact of a mismatch between expectations and experiences.

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are significant events in women's lives and most women have expectations or plans for how they hope their labour and birth will go. It is possible that strong expectations about labour and birth lead to dissatisfaction or other negative outcomes if these expectations are not met, but it is not clear if this is the case. The aim was therefore to synthesise prospective studies in order to understand whether unmet birth expectations are associated with adverse outcomes for women, their partners and their infants.

The Early Youth Engagement in first episode psychosis (EYE-2) study: pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a team-based motivational engagement intervention to improve engagement.

Background: Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services improve health outcomes for young people with psychosis in the medium-long term, but 25% of young people disengage in the first 12 months with costs to their mental health, families, society and the NHS. This study will evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of a team-based motivational Early Youth Engagement (EYE-2) intervention.

Method: The study design is a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) with economic evaluation, comparing the EYE-2 intervention + standardised EIP service to standardised EIP service alone, with randomisation at the team level.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing perinatal mental health care in health and social care settings: a systematic review.

The improvement of perinatal mental health formed part of WHO's Millennium Development Goals. Research suggests that the implementation of perinatal mental health care is variable. To ensure successful implementation, barriers and facilitators to implementing perinatal mental health services need to be identified.

Development and Validation of a Measure of Birth-Related PTSD for Fathers and Birth Partners: The City Birth Trauma Scale (Partner Version).

Research suggests that some fathers and birth partners can experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after witnessing a traumatic birth. Birth-related PTSD may impact on many aspects of fathers' and birth partners' life, including relationship breakdown, self-blame and reducing plans for future children. Despite the potential impact on birth partners' lives there is currently no measure of birth-related PTSD validated for use with birth partners.

Does Parental Report of Having a Medical Home Attenuate the Negative Association Between Unmet Basic Needs and Health for Low-Income Children?

It is unknown whether the medical home reduces the impact of adverse social determinants on low-income child health. To examine whether the medical home attenuates the association between unmet basic needs and health for low-income children. .

Exploring the Development, Validity, and Utility of the Short-Form Version of the CHoice of Outcome In Cbt for PsychosEs: A Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Psychological Recovery.

The original CHoice of Outcome In Cbt for psychosEs (CHOICE) measure was designed in collaboration with experts by experience as a patient-reported "Psychological Recovery" outcome measure for cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp). A short version (CHOICE-SF) was developed to use as a brief outcome measure, with a focus on sensitivity to change, for use in future research and practice. CHOICE-SF was developed and validated using 3 separate samples, comprising 640 service users attending 1 of 2 transdiagnostic clinics for (1) CBTp or (2) therapies for voice hearing or (3) who took part in the treatment as usual arm of a trial.