Development of an algorithm for analysis of routes: Case studies using novice and older drivers.

Introduction: This study addresses the lack of methods to quantify driver familiarity with roadways, which poses a higher risk of crashes.

Method: We present a new approach to assessing driving route diversity and familiarity using data from the DrivingApp, a smartphone-based research tool that collects trip-level information, including driving exposure and global positioning system (GPS) data, from young novice drivers (15-19 years old) to older drivers (67-78 years old). Using these data, we developed a GPS data-based algorithm to analyze the uniqueness of driving routes.

Can a Smartphone Application Be Used to Measure Practice Driving Behavior During the Learner Permit Period? A Step Toward Performance-Based Licensing.

Introduction: Supervised practice during the learner stage of graduated driver licensing is required in all U.S. states and some international jurisdictions.

Learning to drive: Parental attitudes toward introducing teen drivers to advanced driver assistance systems.

Objective: Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to help mitigate the crash risk faced by new teen drivers. There has been little research on how these drivers use ADAS, as most only have access to these systems in their parents' vehicles when learning to drive because teens tend to drive older, less expensive vehicles when driving independently. This study examined how parental attitudes toward ADAS influence how and when parents introduce their teens to these systems when teaching them to drive.

Salesperson knowledge of teen-specific vehicle safety features.

Objective: Teen drivers experience elevated crash risk compared with experienced adult drivers. Active parental oversight can improve teen driving safety, and several manufacturers have released teen-focused safety features over the past decade. Still, parents don't always use these systems and often don't even know their vehicle is equipped.

Evaluating a smartphone application to increase the quantity and improve the quality of supervised practice driving.

Background: The learner stage of graduated driver licensing (GDL), when teenagers are supervised by an adult driver, represents an opportunity to develop skills that could confer a safety benefit during their years of independent driving. This paper describes the design of a teenage driving study, which aims to evaluate the impact of a smartphone application, the 'DrivingApp,' to increase the quantity and improve the quality of supervised practice driving.

Methods: This longitudinal intervention study of teenage drivers and a parent/guardian spans the final 6 months of the learner licence and the first year of independent driving.

Characteristics of vehicles driven by teens and adults killed in crashes, 2013-2017.

Introduction: Teen drivers experience higher crash risk than their experienced adult counterparts. Legislative and community outreach methods have attempted to reduce this risk; results have been mixed. The increasing presence of vehicle safety features across the fleet has driven fatality numbers down in the past decades, but the disparity between young drivers and others remains.

Temporal factors in motor-vehicle crash deaths: Ten years later.

Objective: To assess trends in traffic fatalities on several temporal scales: year to year, by month, by day of week, and by time of day, to determine why some times correspond with higher rates of crash deaths, and to assess how these trends relate to age, the role of the deceased, and alcohol consumption.

Method: Traffic fatalities were identified using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) for 1998 through 2014 and assessed for their time of occurrence. Three days that, on average, contained particularly high numbers of crash deaths were then assessed in greater detail, considering the age of the deceased, role of the deceased (vehicle occupant, bicyclist, motorcyclist, or pedestrian), and the blood alcohol content of either the driver (for passenger vehicle occupants) or the deceased.

Passenger use of and attitudes toward rear seat belts.

Objectives: This study sought to identify attitudes toward belt use in the rear seat and to gain insight into the experiences of rear-seat passengers.

Method: A telephone survey conducted between June and August 2016 targeted adult passengers who had recently ridden in the rear and who did not always wear their seat belt when doing so. Respondents were questioned regarding their reasons for not buckling up and possible conditions under which they would be more likely to buckle up during rear-seat travel.

Can I reach that? Blind reaching as an accurate measure of estimated reachable distance.

Judgments of one's reach extent have been repeatedly found to be overestimated by about 10%. In 3 studies, a new dependent measure was employed in which participants viewed targets, closed their eyes, and then touched the location of the remembered target or pointed to its location if out of reach. This experimental paradigm yielded a much smaller but still present bias to over-estimate by about 2%.