Ara h 2-expressing cucumber mosaic virus-like particle (VLP Peanut) induces in vitro tolerogenic cellular responses in peanut-allergic individuals.

Background: Peanut allergy (PA) is one of the most prevalent food allergies with a lack of favorable safety/efficacy treatment. A cucumber mosaic virus-like particle expressing peanut allergen component Ara h 2 (VLP Peanut) has been developed as a novel therapeutic approach for PA.

Objective: We assessed the tolerogenic properties and reactivity of VLP Peanut.

Nasal allergen-neutralizing antibodies correlate closely with tolerated intranasal allergen challenge dose following grass pollen subcutaneous immunotherapy in patients with local allergic rhinitis.

Background: Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is defined by chronic nasal symptoms, absence of atopy, positive nasal allergen challenge (NAC) and a good response to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT). We sought to investigate SCIT capacity to induce local and systemic blocking antibodies in LAR patients.

Methods: A RDBPC study of grass SCIT was performed, with participants receiving either SCIT (Group A; n = 10) or placebo (Group B; n = 14) in the first 6 months.

Nasal and blood transcriptomic pathways underpinning the clinical response to grass pollen immunotherapy.

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well-established disease-modifying therapy for allergic rhinitis, yet the fundamental mechanisms underlying its clinical effect remain inadequately understood. Gauging Response in Allergic Rhinitis to Sublingual and Subcutaneous Immunotherapy was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of individuals allergic to timothy grass who received 2 years of placebo (n = 30), subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) (n = 27), or sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) (n = 27) and were then followed for 1 additional year.

Objective: We used yearly biospecimens from the Gauging Response in Allergic Rhinitis to Sublingual and Subcutaneous Immunotherapy study to identify molecular mechanisms of response.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies precise tolerogenic cellular and molecular pathways induced by depigmented-polymerized grass pollen allergen extract.

Background: Immunologic mechanism of action of allergoids remains poorly understood. Previous models of allergenicity and immunogenicity have yielded suboptimal knowledge of these immunotherapeutic vaccine products. Novel single-cell RNA sequencing technology offers a bridge to this gap in knowledge.

Differential induction of allergen-specific IgA responses following timothy grass subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy.

Introduction: There is no detailed comparison of allergen-specific immunoglobulin responses following sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).

Objective: We sought to compare nasal and systemic timothy grass pollen (TGP)-specific antibody responses during 2 years of SCIT and SLIT and 1 year after treatment discontinuation in a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled trial.

Methods: Nasal fluid and serum were obtained yearly (per-protocol population, n = 84).

Passive Prophylactic Administration with a Single Dose of Anti-Fel d 1 Monoclonal Antibodies REGN1908-1909 in Cat Allergen-induced Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

Sensitization to Fel d 1 ( allergen 1) contributes to persistent allergic rhinitis and asthma. Existing treatment options for cat allergy, including allergen immunotherapy, are only moderately effective, and allergen immunotherapy has limited use because of safety concerns. To explore the relationship among the pharmacokinetic, clinical, and immunological effects of anti-Fel d 1 monoclonal antibodies (REGN1908-1909) in patients after treatment.

Altered chromatin landscape in circulating T follicular helper and regulatory cells following grass pollen subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy.

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy is a disease-modifying treatment that induces long-term T-cell tolerance.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the role of circulating CXCR5PD-1 T follicular helper (cT) and T follicular regulatory (T) cells following grass pollen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and the accompanying changes in their chromatin landscape.

Methods: Phenotype and function of cT cells were initially evaluated in the grass pollen-allergic (GPA) group (n = 28) and nonatopic healthy controls (NAC, n = 13) by mathematical algorithms developed to manage high-dimensional data and cell culture, respectively.

Immunologic mechanisms of a short-course of Lolium perenne peptide immunotherapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: A 3-week short-course of adjuvant-free hydrolysates of Lolium perenne peptide (LPP) immunotherapy for rhinoconjunctivitis with or without asthma over 4 physician visits is safe, well tolerated, and effective.

Objective: We sought to investigate immunologic mechanisms of LPP immunotherapy in a subset of patients who participated in a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (clinical.govNCT02560948).

Role of IL-35 in sublingual allergen immunotherapy.

Background: Grass pollen-specific immunotherapy involves immunomodulation of allergen-specific T2 responses and induction of IL-10 and/or TGF-βCD4CD25 regulatory T cells (induced Treg cells). IL-35CD4CD25 forkhead box protein 3-negative T (IL-35-inducible regulatory T [iT35]) cells have been reported as a novel subset of induced Treg cells with modulatory characteristics.

Objective: We sought to investigate mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of immunologic tolerance induced by IL-35 and iT35 cells.