Neurologic adverse events associated with BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy in patients with malignant melanoma: a disproportionality analysis using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

BRAF and MEK inhibitor (BRAFi + MEKi) therapy has improved the treatment of solid tumors with BRAF mutation. However, their neurologic adverse events (nAEs) have been largely unexplored. This study aimed to provide clinicians with more updated knowledge on nAEs associated with BRAFi + MEKi therapy in patients with malignant melanoma compared with nonmelanoma cancers.

More than just dermatitis: The multifaceted nature of chronic itch through the historical perspective of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Derived from the survival advantage needed to eradicate harmful irritants from the skin's surface, itch, also known as pruritus, is an intriguing phenomenon and a key feature of many dermatologic diseases. The pathologic form, chronic itch, is a condition that precedes itself by its complex pathophysiology, numerous etiologies, and interplay of mechanisms that often make it difficult to diagnose and treat. One particular sufferer of this condition, the 18th-century French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, makes for a compelling case study of the complexity of chronic itch.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with natural thyroid medication.

Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare immunologic hypersensitivity reaction to stimuli that presents as widespread eruption with mucocutaneous detachment and involvement of other organs. Multiple causes have been noted in literature, including numerous medications. In this report, we present a 52-year-old woman who arrived at the emergency department with a complaint of rash, malaise, and pruritus.

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions associated with the immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case/non-case analysis using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background/objectives: The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). These reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are uncommon but potentially lethal. Despite the severity of these reactions and growing association with the ICIs, their specific risk and mortality rates have been largely unexplored.

Medication Associations With Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: A Case/Non-Case Analysis Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are potentially life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). Although the classical causal agents of SCARs (antibiotics, anticonvulsants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and allopurinol) are well characterized, there has been little update to this list to account for newly marketed medications.

Objective: To provide an updated and stratified list of medications with significant reporting odds ratios (RORs) of SCARs.

Gender differences in pediatric and adolescent melanoma: A retrospective analysis of 4645 cases.

Background: There is paucity of data on how gender impacts melanoma prognosis in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Objectives: This study explores gender differences in presentation and survival among pediatric and adolescent patients with melanoma.

Methods: The National Cancer Database 2004-2018 was queried for cases of primary invasive cutaneous melanoma in pediatric and adolescent patients (birth to 21 years) for a retrospective cohort study.

Limited Cutaneous Leishmaniasis as Ulcerated Verrucous Plaque on Leg, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

We report a 34-year-old man who had a nonhealing, verrucous plaque with central ulceration on the lower leg. This case-patient is a rare example of endemic limited cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tucson, Arizona, USA. Clinicians should be aware of this disease because its manifestations can vary for individual patients.

Hyperkalemia in women with acne exposed to oral spironolactone: A retrospective study from the RADAR (Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports) program.

Purpose: The necessity of serum potassium monitoring for healthy women who are prescribed spironolactone for acne has been debated. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of hyperkalemia in women 18 to 45 years of age to that in women 46 to 65 years of age, when treated with oral spironolactone for acne.

Methods And Materials: Data for all women 18 to 65 years of age who were prescribed oral spironolactone by a dermatologist for acne between January 2006 and October 2016 were extracted for analysis.

Sex differences in initial treatment for genital extramammary Paget disease in the United States: A systematic review.

Background: Surgery is the standard treatment for genital extramammary Paget disease (gEMPD).

Objective: To determine if gEMPD treatments and outcomes differ by sex and US region.

Methods: A systematic review was performed of all English-language studies on initial gEMPD treatment in Medline via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

Viewing an ultra-brief chest compression only video improves some measures of bystander CPR performance and responsiveness at a mass gathering event.

Background: CPR training at mass gathering events is an important part of health initiatives to improve cardiac arrest survival. However, it is unclear whether training lay bystanders using an ultra-brief video at a mass gathering event improves CPR quality and responsiveness.

Objective: To determine if showing a chest-compression only (CCO) Ultra-Brief Video (UBV) at a mass gathering event is effective in teaching lay bystanders CCO-CPR.

Alterations in gait parameters with peripheral artery disease: The importance of pre-frailty as a confounding variable.

Although poor walking is the most common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), reported results are inconsistent when comparing gait parameters between PAD patients and healthy controls. This inconsistency may be due to frailty, which is highly prevalent among PAD patients. To address this hypothesis, 41 participants, 17 PAD (74±8 years) and 24 aged-matched controls (76±7 years), were recruited.

Viewing a brief chest-compression-only CPR video improves bystander CPR performance and responsiveness in high school students: A cluster randomized trial.

Background: CPR training in schools is a public health initiative to improve out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival. It is unclear whether brief video training in students improves CPR quality and responsiveness and skills retention.

Objectives: Determine if a brief video is as effective as classroom instruction for chest compression-only (CCO) CPR training in high school students.

Gait and balance assessments as early indicators of frailty in patients with known peripheral artery disease.

Background: Peripheral artery disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and frailty syndrome may mediate the risk of these adverse health outcomes to predict intervention results. The aim of this study was to determine the association between motor performance impairments based on in-clinic gait and balance measurements with frailty at intermediate stages (pre-frailty) in peripheral artery disease patients.

Methods: Seventeen participants with peripheral artery disease (≥ 55 years) were recruited and frailty assessed using Fried criteria.