Interventions to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness: Chicago, Illinois, March 1, 2020-May 11, 2023.

To compare the incidence, case-hospitalization rates, and vaccination rates of COVID-19 between people experiencing sheltered homelessness (PESH) and the broader community in Chicago, Illinois, and describe the impact of a whole community approach to disease mitigation during the public health emergency. Incidence of COVID-19 among PESH was compared with community-wide incidence using case-based surveillance data from March 1, 2020, to May 11, 2023. Seven-day rolling means of COVID-19 incidence were assessed for the overall study period and for each of 6 distinct waves of COVID-19 transmission.

When Stigma, Disclosure, and Access to Care Collide: An Ethical Reflection of mpox Vaccination Outreach.

Experiences of stigma in health care encounters among LGBTQ+ populations (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer and questioning) have long been a barrier to care. Marginalization and historically grounded fears of stigmatization have contributed to a reluctance to disclose sexual behavior and/or gender identity to health care providers. We reflect on how student nurses grappled with the ethics of patient disclosure while providing mobile outreach in Chicago for mpox (formerly monkeypox) from fall 2022 to spring 2023.

Community-Academic Partnerships: Addressing Health Inequities Through Community-Engaged Service Learning.

In Chicago, Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals experience higher rates of HIV diagnoses. The Southside of Chicago has a thriving house ball culture powered by MSM and TGNC individuals who are disproportionately impacted by HIV. While this community has a history of facilitating health promotion at their events, gaps exist in community-empowered education specific to this community.

Culturally Safe Nursing Care for Black Sex Workers in the Greater Chicago Area, 2020‒2021.

Complex structural and social factors have created health inequities for Black sex workers. Black people, including those engaged in transactional sex, report leaning on spiritual beliefs to guide health-related decision-making, including whether to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Public health nurses can improve the health of Black sex workers through culturally safe care, which may include a community-stated vision of spiritual support.

Privacy, or the Lack Thereof, and Its Implications for Dignity in Mobile COVID-19 Testing.

Introduction: Chicago's COVID-19 Rapid Response Team (CRRT) is a decentralized, interprofessional group of nurses, residents, students, and faculty who provide free COVID-19 testing for those living or working in congregate settings (i.e., shelters, long term care facilities, prisons and encampments) due to their increased risk.

The Baby Shark (Songs Heard Affecting Resuscitation Kinetics) study.

Previous research has examined the utilisation of musical cues to improve the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) delivered in training environments. We postulated a musical cue that is both contemporary and transcends cultures may improve CPR performance. Our aim was to establish whether chest compressions are performed with improved rate and depth if a song of a fixed beat (PinkFong's 'Baby Shark' with a tempo of 115 beats per minute (bpm) and 15 beats in each verse) is played to a healthcare professional immediately before undertaking CPR compared to whale noises (a non-metronomic rhythm).

Human Trafficking Victim's Service Needs and Outcomes: An Analysis of Clinical Law Data.

Background: Human trafficking is a human rights violation occurring around the world. Despite the profound social, health, and economic consequences of this crime, there is a lack of research about the prevalence and needs of human trafficking victims. The purpose of this study is to describe the healthcare, social service, and legal needs of human trafficking victims seeking services at the University of Michigan Human Trafficking Clinic.

"It Was a Different Environment": Evaluating a Cultural Exchange Program.

Background: As nursing colleges seek to respond to the demands of the profession for nurses who are globally engaged and of the students for global health educational experiences, Riner's Globally Engaged Nursing Education framework is an effective tool for developing and evaluating an experience.

Method: Using Riner's framework, faculty and students at a nursing college evaluate an inaugural cultural exchange program between their U.S.

Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Aboriginal Children Admitted to a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital.

Aboriginal Australian children have higher rates of mortality at younger ages than non-Aboriginal Australian children. We aimed to (i) calculate the case fatality rate (CFR) for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children admitted to children's hospitals in New South Wales (NSW) and (ii) identify predictors of CFR. We used a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from electronic medical records for in-patient admissions to the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (SCHN) over five years (2011-2015).

Art and health care: A dialog about interdisciplinary collaboration.

Tell Well is an innovative creative writing and storytelling workshop developed by a public health nursing scholar and educator and a writer and educator. The demonstration project was a writing workshop designed especially for nurses. While the overall objective of Tell Well is to teach writing and storytelling as self-care tools for health care workers to address professional quality of life, the interdisciplinary collaboration has proven to be a vital component of the program's development.

Impact of Soil Filtration on Metals, Nutrients, and Estrogenic Activity of Reclaimed Water.

This study examined the impact of soil filtration on water quality for reclaimed water from two municipal wastewater treatment processes with two soils (forest and farm). Soils were watered for 16 wk. Nutrients (NO-N, NH-N, and PO), electrical conductivity, hardness, pH, total metals, and estrogenic activity in source and effluents were measured.

In a Spirit of Restoration: A Phenomenology of Nursing Practice and the Criminal Justice System.

Conditions within jails and prisons are a public health crisis, necessitating critical reform measures. An innovative collaboration between a Midwestern College of Nursing and Cook County Department of Corrections provides students with the opportunity to develop health education for both those detained in the jail and the corrections officers. A phenomenological approach, recognizing the importance of intuitive and cognitive understanding, is offered as a framework for practice in complex environments.

Object permanence in marine mammals using the violation of expectation procedure.

Object permanence refers to the ability to process information about objects even when they are not visible. One stage of object permanence, called visible displacement, involves being able to find an object that has been fully hidden from view. Visible displacement has been demonstrated in many animal species, yet very little is known about object permanence in marine mammals.

Preference for the Outcome That Follows a Relatively Aversive Event: Contrast or Delay Reduction?

Pigeons prefer a positive discriminative (S+) stimulus that follows a less preferred event (a large number of required responses, a longer delay, or the absence of food) over a different S+ with a similar history of reinforcement that follows a more preferred event (a single required response, no delay, or food). We proposed that this phenomenon results from contrast (referred to as within-trial contrast) between the less preferred initial event and the signal for reinforcement. Delay reduction theory (Fantino, 1969) can account for these results by proposing that the less preferred initial event lengthens the duration of the trial, thereby allowing the S+ stimulus to occur later in the trial and thus become a better predictor of reinforcement.

Episodic-like memory: pigeons can report location pecked when unexpectedly asked.

Pigeons were tested for their ability to report the location they recently pecked, without prior experience having to do so. They were first pretrained to report the location that they had just pecked. They were then trained on a conditional discrimination to associate yellow and blue samples with vertical and horizontal comparisons, respectively, independent of comparison location.

Matching-to-sample by pigeons: the dissociation of comparison choice frequency from the probability of reinforcement.

It has been proposed that comparison choice in matching-to-sample should depend on two factors, the relative probability of reinforcement associated with each of the comparison stimuli and the conditional probability of each comparison stimulus being correct given presentation of one of the samples. DiGian and Zentall [DiGian, K.A.

Required pecking and refraining from pecking alter judgments of time by pigeons.

There is evidence that humans' perception of time is affected by the activity in which they are engaged while they are timing. The more demanding the task, the faster time appears to pass. A similar effect has been found in pigeons.

Pigeons learn to answer the question "where did you just peck?" and can report peck location when unexpectedly asked.

If pigeons are trained on matching-to-sample with differential responding required to the two samples, there is evidence that the differential responding can control comparison choice. We asked whether similar responding required at two different locations could also serve as the basis for comparison choice. Pigeons were pretrained to report the location that they had pecked.

Within-trial contrast: pigeons prefer conditioned reinforcers that follow a relatively more rather than a less aversive event.

When behavior suggests that the value of a reinforcer depends inversely on the value of the events that precede or follow it, the behavior has been described as a contrast effect. Three major forms of contrast have been studied: incentive contrast, in which a downward (or upward) shift in the magnitude of reinforcement produces a relatively stronger downward (or upward) shift in the vigor of a response; anticipatory contrast, in which a forthcoming improvement in reinforcement results in a relative reduction in consummatory response; and behavioral contrast, in which a decrease in the probability of reinforcement in one component of a multiple schedule results in an increase in responding in an unchanged component of the schedule. Here we discuss a possible fourth kind of contrast that we call within-trial contrast because within a discrete trial, the relative value of an event has an inverse effect on the relative value of the reinforcer that follows.

Within-trial contrast: when is a failure to replicate not a type I error?

Vasconcelos, Urcuioli, and Lionello-DeNolf (2007) report the results of five experiments that fail to replicate the results of our within-trial contrast study (Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, & Zentall, 2000) and suggest that our results may represent a Type I Error. We believe that this conclusion is not warranted because (a) there is considerable evidence in support of the effect and (b) the amount of training that they gave to their pigeons prior to test may not have been sufficient to observe the effect reliably. We suggest that when sufficient training is provided, reliable contrast can be found.