Age Influences Biomechanical Changes After Participation in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Program.

Background: The prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries increases during maturation and peaks during late adolescence. Previous studies suggested an age-related association between participation in injury prevention programs and reduction of ACL injury. However, few studies have investigated differences in biomechanical changes after injury prevention programs between preadolescent and adolescent athletes.

Association of the Female Athlete Triad Risk Assessment Stratification to the Development of Bone Stress Injuries in Collegiate Athletes.

Background: The female athlete triad (referred to as the triad) contributes to adverse health outcomes, including bone stress injuries (BSIs), in female athletes. Guidelines were published in 2014 for clinical management of athletes affected by the triad.

Purpose: This study aimed to (1) classify athletes from a collegiate population of 16 sports into low-, moderate-, and high-risk categories using the Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment score and (2) evaluate the predictive value of the risk categories for subsequent BSIs.

Biomechanical Effects of an Injury Prevention Program in Preadolescent Female Soccer Athletes.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, and children as young as 10 years of age exhibit movement patterns associated with an ACL injury risk. Prevention programs have been shown to reduce injury rates, but the mechanisms behind these programs are largely unknown. Few studies have investigated biomechanical changes after injury prevention programs in children.

Comparison of Muscle Onset Activation Sequences between a Golf or Tennis Swing and Common Training Exercises Using Surface Electromyography: A Pilot Study.

Aim. The purpose of this pilot study is to use surface electromyography to determine an individual athlete's typical muscle onset activation sequence when performing a golf or tennis forward swing and to use the method to assess to what degree the sequence is reproduced with common conditioning exercises and a machine designed for this purpose. Methods.

Overspeed HIIT in Lower-Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Improves Running Performance.

Purpose: Optimal high-intensity interval training (HIIT) regimens for running performance are unknown, although most protocols result in some benefit to key performance factors (running economy (RE), anaerobic threshold (AT), or maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)). Lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmills offer the unique possibility to partially unload runners and reach supramaximal speeds. We studied the use of LBPP to test an overspeed HIIT protocol in trained runners.

Unstable Surface Improves Quadriceps:Hamstring Co-contraction for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Strategies.

Background: Increasing quadriceps:hamstring muscular co-contraction at the knee may reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this investigation was to examine muscle activation in the quadriceps and hamstrings and peak kinematics of the knee, hip, and trunk when performing a single-leg drop (SLD) on to a Bosu ball (unstable surface) compared with on to the floor (stable surface).

Hypotheses: (1) The SLD on an unstable surface would lower the quadriceps to hamstrings electromyographic (EMG) activation ratio (Q:H EMG activation ratio) compared with being performed on the floor.

Leveraging human-centered design in chronic disease prevention.

Bridging the knowing-doing gap in the prevention of chronic disease requires deep appreciation and understanding of the complexities inherent in behavioral change. Strategies that have relied exclusively on the implementation of evidence-based data have not yielded the desired progress. The tools of human-centered design, used in conjunction with evidence-based data, hold much promise in providing an optimal approach for advancing disease prevention efforts.

Test-retest and interrater reliability of the functional lower extremity evaluation.

Study Design: Repeated-measures clinical measurement reliability study.

Objectives: To establish the reliability and face validity of the Functional Lower Extremity Evaluation (FLEE).

Background: The FLEE is a 45-minute battery of 8 standardized functional performance tests that measures 3 components of lower extremity function: control, power, and endurance.

Site-specific loading at the fifth metatarsal base in rehabilitative devices: implications for Jones fracture treatment.

Background: Fractures of the fifth metatarsal base are a relatively common injury. Whether treated surgically or nonsurgically, injury rehabilitation typically involves immobilization in a rigid sandal or short controlled ankle movement (CAM) walker boot.

Objective: To determine the peak pressure, contact pressure, and impulse at the base of the fifth metatarsal in 3 common footwear devices during common gait activities.

Differences in ACL biomechanical risk factors between field hockey and lacrosse female athletes.

Purpose: Previous investigations have revealed a greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female lacrosse versus field hockey players. Lacrosse is played in an upright posture with overhead throwing and catching, while field hockey is almost exclusively played in a crouched, forward-flexed position. Biomechanical factors, including decreased knee, hip, and trunk flexion angles, have been identified as risk factors for ACL injury.

Prevention and management of noncommunicable disease: the IOC Consensus Statement, Lausanne 2013.

Morbidity and mortality from preventable, noncommunicable chronic disease (NCD) threatens the health of our populations and our economies. The accumulation of vast amounts of scientific knowledge has done little to change this. New and innovative thinking is essential to foster new creative approaches that leverage and integrate evidence through the support of big data, technology, and design thinking.

Prevention and management of non-communicable disease: the IOC consensus statement, Lausanne 2013.

Morbidity and mortality from preventable, non-communicable chronic disease (NCD) threatens the health of our populations and our economies. The accumulation of vast amounts of scientific knowledge has done little to change this. New and innovative thinking is essential to foster new creative approaches that leverage and integrate evidence through the support of big data, technology, and design thinking.

Prevention and management of non-communicable disease: the IOC consensus statement, Lausanne 2013.

Morbidity and mortality from preventable, non-communicable chronic disease (NCD) threatens the health of our populations and our economies. The accumulation of vast amounts of scientific knowledge has done little to change this. New and innovative thinking is essential to foster new creative approaches that leverage and integrate evidence through the support of big data, technology and design thinking.

Team clinician variability in return-to-play decisions.

Objective: To describe the variability in the return-to-play (RTP) decisions of experienced team clinicians and to assess their clinical opinion as to the relevance of 19 factors described in a RTP decision-making model.

Design: Survey questionnaire.

Setting: Advanced Team Physician Course.

Test-retest and interrater reliability of the functional movement screen.

Context: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a popular test to evaluate the degree of painful, dysfunctional, and asymmetric movement patterns. Despite great interest in the FMS, test-retest reliability data have not been published.

Objective: To assess the test-retest and interrater reliability of the FMS and to compare the scoring by 1 rater during a live session and the same session on video.

An instrumented mouthguard for measuring linear and angular head impact kinematics in American football.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel instrumented mouthguard as a research device for measuring head impact kinematics. To evaluate kinematic accuracy, laboratory impact testing was performed at sites on the helmet and facemask for determining how closely instrumented mouthguard data matched data from an anthropomorphic test device. Laboratory testing results showed that peak linear acceleration (r (2) = 0.

Six-week gait retraining program reduces knee adduction moment, reduces pain, and improves function for individuals with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.

This study examined the influence of a 6-week gait retraining program on the knee adduction moment (KAM) and knee pain and function. Ten subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and self-reported knee pain participated in weekly gait retraining sessions over 6 weeks. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and a 10-point visual-analog pain scale score were measured at baseline, post-training (end of 6 weeks), and 1 month after training ended.

Toe-in gait reduces the first peak knee adduction moment in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.

The first peak of the knee adduction moment has been linked to the presence, severity, and progression of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate toe-in gait (decreased foot progression angle from baseline through internal foot rotation) as a means to reduce the first peak of the knee adduction moment in subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, we examined whether the first peak in the knee adduction moment would cause a concomitant increase in the peak external knee flexion moment, which can eliminate reductions in the medial compartment force that result from lowering the knee adduction moment.

Maximal physiological parameters during partial body-weight support treadmill testing.

Purpose: This study investigated maximal cardiometabolic response while running in a lower body positive pressure treadmill (antigravity treadmill (AG)), which reduces body weight (BW) and impact. The AG is used in rehabilitation of injuries but could have potential for high-speed running, if workload is maximally elevated.

Methods: Fourteen trained (nine male) runners (age 27 ± 5 yr; 10-km personal best, 38.

A local health department's journey to the summit: a case study of a decade of quality improvement.

As the interest in quality improvement (QI) efforts in public health agencies gathers momentum, organizations looking to initiate or strengthen QI processes may benefit from learning about existing programs. This article serves as a case study for other agencies to consider as they embark upon their QI journey. Specifically, this article reviews more than a decade of QI efforts in a mid-sized local health department and highlights areas of success (including an annual QI summit), barriers to implementation of QI, and areas needing improvement.

Determining the maximum diameter for holes in the shoe without compromising shoe integrity when using a multi-segment foot model.

Measuring individual foot joint motions requires a multi-segment foot model, even when the subject is wearing a shoe. Each foot segment must be tracked with at least three skin-mounted markers, but for these markers to be visible to an optical motion capture system holes or 'windows' must be cut into the structure of the shoe. The holes must be sufficiently large avoiding interfering with the markers, but small enough that they do not compromise the shoe's structural integrity.

Prevention of sports injury I: a systematic review of applied biomechanics and physiology outcomes research.

Objective: To analyse published articles that used interventions aimed at investigating biomechanical/physiological outcomes (ie, intermediate risk factors) for sport injury prevention in order to characterise the state of the field and identify important areas not covered in the literature.

Data Sources: PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science and Embase were searched using a broad search strategy.

Main Results: Only 144 of 2525 articles retrieved by the search strategy met the inclusion criteria.

Prevention of sport injury II: a systematic review of clinical science research.

Objective: To characterise the nature of the sport injury prevention literature by reviewing published articles that evaluate specific clinical interventions designed to reduce sport injury risks.

Data Sources: PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science and Embase.

Main Results: Only 139 of 2525 articles retrieved met the inclusion criteria.

Return-to-play decisions: are they the team physician's responsibility?

Objective: Return-to-play (RTP) decisions are a central component of the Team Physician's clinical work, yet there is little more than anecdotal reference to these in the literature. We recently published a 3-step model for return-to-play medical decision making and, in the current paper, undertook a systematic review of the literature to determine the level of evidence in support of this model.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL electronic databases.