Counterfactual reasoning using causal Bayesian networks as a healthcare governance tool.

Background: Healthcare governance (HG) is a quality assurance processes that aims to maintain and improve clinical practice. Clinical decisions are routinely reviewed after the outcome is known to learn lessons for the future. When the outcome is positive, then practice is praised, but when practice is suboptimal, the area for improvement is highlighted.

A scoping review, novel taxonomy and catalogue of implementation frameworks for clinical decision support systems.

Background: The primary aim of this scoping review was to synthesise key domains and sub-domains described in existing clinical decision support systems (CDSS) implementation frameworks into a novel taxonomy and demonstrate most-studied and least-studied areas. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the frequency and manner of use of each framework, and catalogue frameworks by implementation stage.

Methods: A scoping review of Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychInfo and Embase was conducted on 12/01/2022, limited to English language, including 2000-2021.

Identification of major hemorrhage in trauma patients in the prehospital setting: diagnostic accuracy and impact on outcome.

Background: Hemorrhage is the most common cause of potentially preventable death after injury. Early identification of patients with major hemorrhage (MH) is important as treatments are time-critical. However, diagnosis can be difficult, even for expert clinicians.

Updating and recalibrating causal probabilistic models on a new target population.

Objective: Very often the performance of a Bayesian Network (BN) is affected when applied to a new target population. This is mainly because of differences in population characteristics. External validation of the model performance on different populations is a standard approach to test model's generalisability.

Methods used to evaluate usability of mobile clinical decision support systems for healthcare emergencies: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the methods and metrics used to evaluate the usability of mobile application Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) used in healthcare emergencies. Secondary aims were to describe the characteristics and usability of evaluated CDSSs.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases.

Diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination to identify life- and limb-threatening injuries in trauma patients.

Background: Timely and accurate identification of life- and limb-threatening injuries (LLTIs) is a fundamental objective of trauma care that directly informs triage and treatment decisions. However, the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination to detect LLTIs is largely unknown, due to the risk of contamination from in-hospital diagnostics in existing studies. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of initial clinical examination for detecting life- and limb-threatening injuries (LLTIs).

The Medial Rotation Knee replacement: Clinical and radiological results of a multi-centre surveillance study at five years.

Background: The Medial Rotation Knee (MRK) has one of the lowest revision rates of total knee replacement designs in the National Joint Registry. While survival is one metric of performance of implants, patient-reported outcomes, combined with clinical and radiological evaluation, allow more complete analysis. We report the five-year results of a prospective, multi-centre surveillance study of the MRK.

When does ultrasonography influence management in suspected appendicitis?

Background: Accurate diagnosis of appendicitis is challenging, particularly in children. Moreover, opinion is divided over the role of ultrasonography (US) in its diagnosis and how US may influence management. This study compares the use of US in two tertiary paediatric hospitals and how it influenced the management of suspected appendicitis.