A Redesign of the ACGME Resident/Fellow Survey Through Expert Reviews and Cognitive Interviews.

Background: Since 2003, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has surveyed residents and fellows in its accredited programs. The Resident/Fellow Survey is a screening and compliance tool that programs can also use for continuous quality improvement. However, stakeholders have reported potential problems with the survey's overall quality and credibility.

Probing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Secondary Organic Aerosol Mimicking Solutions Using Articulated Straws.

The presence or absence of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in aerosol particles containing oxidized organic species and inorganic salts affects particle morphology and influences uptake into, diffusion through, and reactivity within those particles. We report here an accessible method, similar to ice core analyses, using solutions that are relevant for both aerosol chemical systems and aqueous two-phase extraction systems and contain ammonium sulfate and one of eight alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-butaonol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-propanediol) frozen in articulated (bendable) straws to probe LLPS. For alcohols with negative octanol-water partitioning coefficient ( ) values and O/C ratios ≥0.

The Positive Effects of Accreditation on Graduate Medical Education Programs in Singapore.

Background: There is worldwide interest in assessing the impact of accreditation systems to quantify their benefits to medical education and, through this, health care at the local and global levels.

Objective: We analyzed ACGME-I Resident Survey data from Singapore for 2011-2018 to assess the impact of accreditation on residents' evaluations of their programs.

Methods: We focused on 7 questions from the annual Resident Survey, which would be affected by accreditation compliance, along with a single global rating of respondents' overall perception of their program.

Relationships Between the ACGME Resident and Faculty Surveys and Program Pass Rates on the ABIM Internal Medicine Certification Examination.

Purpose: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has surveyed residents since 2003, and faculty since 2012. Surveys are designed to assess program functioning and specify areas for improvement. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of the ACGME's resident and faculty surveys with residency-program-specific performance on the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) certification exam.

Chemical Diversity, Biological Activity, and Genetic Aspects of Three Ocotea Species from the Amazon.

species present economic importance and biological activities attributed to their essential oils (EOs) and extracts. For this reason, various strategies have been developed for their conservation. The chemical compositions of the essential oils and DNA sequences of , , and were subjected to comparison with data from , , and , previously reported.

Patterns of Change in ACGME-Accredited Residency Programs and Positions: Implication for the Adequacy of GME Positions and Supply of Physicians in the United States.

Background: Recent studies suggest that the supply of primary care physicians and generalist physicians in other specialties may be inadequate to meet the needs of the US population. Data on the numbers and types of physicians-in-training, such as those collected by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), can be used to help understand variables affecting this supply.

Objective: We assessed trends in the number and type of medical school graduates entering accredited residencies, and the impact those trends could have on the future physician workforce.

Effects of potential federal funding cuts on graduate medical education: results of a survey of designated institutional officials.

Background: Proposed reductions in federal funding for physician education may affect the United States' ability to produce the number of physicians needed to provide care.

Objective: Using a survey similar to that used by the ACGME in 2011, we assessed designated institutional officials' (DIOs) perceptions of the impact of potential GME funding reductions.

Method: In August 2013, we sent a survey link to all DIOs of ACGME-accredited institutions (N  =  678).

Residency Programs' Evaluations of the Competencies: Data Provided to the ACGME About Types of Assessments Used by Programs.

Background: In 1999, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Outcome Project began to focus on resident performance in the 6 competencies of patient care, medical knowledge, professionalism, practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal communication skills, and professionalism. Beginning in 2007, the ACGME began collecting information on how programs assess these competencies. This report provides information on the nature and extent of those assessments.

Tracking Residents Through Multiple Residency Programs: A Different Approach for Measuring Residents' Rates of Continuing Graduate Medical Education in ACGME-Accredited Programs.

Background: Increased focus on the number and type of physicians delivering health care in the United States necessitates a better understanding of changes in graduate medical education (GME). Data collected by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) allow longitudinal tracking of residents, revealing the number and type of residents who continue GME following completion of an initial residency. We examined trends in the percent of graduates pursuing additional clinical education following graduation from ACGME-accredited pipeline specialty programs (specialties leading to initial board certification).

Resident operative experience in general surgery, plastic surgery, and urology 5 years after implementation of the ACGME duty hour policy.

Objective: Resident duty hour restrictions were implemented in 2002-2003. This study examines changes in resident surgical experience since these restrictions were put into place.

Method: Operative log data for 3 specialties were examined: general surgery, urology, and plastic surgery.

Residents' perspectives on the learning environment: data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education resident survey.

Purpose: Residents' assessment of their learning environment is an important element of residency accreditation and a strong predictor of resident satisfaction. The authors examined the reliability and validity of a resident/fellow survey and explored the relationship between reported duty hours noncompliance and residents' perceptions of other aspects of their learning environments.

Method: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) administered a 29-item Web-based survey in 2007 and 2008 to 91,073 residents in 5,610 programs.

The ACGME Resident Survey Aggregate Reports: An Analysis and Assessment of Overall Program Compliance.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) uses a 29-question Resident Survey for yearly residency program assessments. This article describes methodology for aggregating Resident Survey data into 5 discrete areas of program performance for use in the accreditation process. This article also describes methodology for setting thresholds that may assist Residency Review Committees in identifying programs with potential compliance problems.

SM-164: a novel, bivalent Smac mimetic that induces apoptosis and tumor regression by concurrent removal of the blockade of cIAP-1/2 and XIAP.

Small-molecule Smac mimetics are being developed as a novel class of anticancer drugs. Recent studies have shown that Smac mimetics target cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP)-1/2 for degradation and induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-dependent apoptosis in tumor cells. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of two different types of novel Smac mimetics, monovalent SM-122 and bivalent SM-164.

Temporal activation of p53 by a specific MDM2 inhibitor is selectively toxic to tumors and leads to complete tumor growth inhibition.

We have designed MI-219 as a potent, highly selective and orally active small-molecule inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction. MI-219 binds to human MDM2 with a K(i) value of 5 nM and is 10,000-fold selective for MDM2 over MDMX. It disrupts the MDM2-p53 interaction and activates the p53 pathway in cells with wild-type p53, which leads to induction of cell cycle arrest in all cells and selective apoptosis in tumor cells.

StaphPlex system for rapid and simultaneous identification of antibiotic resistance determinants and Panton-Valentine leukocidin detection of staphylococci from positive blood cultures.

Phenotypic methods take several days for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of staphylococcal isolates after gram-positive cocci in clusters (GPCC) are observed in positive blood cultures. We developed and validated a StaphPlex system that amplifies and detects 18 gene targets simultaneously in 1 reaction for species-level identification of staphylococci, detection of genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and antimicrobial resistance determinants of staphylococci. The StaphPlex system was compared to phenotypic methods for organism identification and antimicrobial resistance detection for positive blood culture specimens in which GPCC were observed.

Genes regulated by estrogen in breast tumor cells in vitro are similarly regulated in vivo in tumor xenografts and human breast tumors.

Background: Estrogen plays a central role in breast cancer pathogenesis. Although many studies have characterized the estrogen regulation of genes using in vitro cell culture models by global mRNA expression profiling, it is not clear whether these genes are similarly regulated in vivo or how they might be coordinately expressed in primary human tumors.

Results: We generated DNA microarray-based gene expression profiles from three estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positive breast cancer cell lines stimulated by 17beta-estradiol (E2) in vitro over a time course, as well as from MCF-7 cells grown as xenografts in ovariectomized athymic nude mice with E2 supplementation and after its withdrawal.