Spatial periodicity in grid cell firing is explained by a neural sequence code of 2-D trajectories.

Spatial periodicity in grid cell firing has been interpreted as a neural metric for space providing animals with a coordinate system in navigating physical and mental spaces. However, the specific computational problem being solved by grid cells has remained elusive. Here, we provide mathematical proof that spatial periodicity in grid cell firing is the only possible solution to a neural sequence code of 2-D trajectories and that the hexagonal firing pattern of grid cells is the most parsimonious solution to such a sequence code.

Nuclear conditions of basidiospores and hyphal cells in the edible mushroom Oudemansiella aparlosarca.

Oudemansiella aparlosarca is an edible mushroom possessing medicinal and health benefits. Although there are studies on the cultivation of O. aparlosarca, only a few studies have focused on its genetics and life cycle.

Who takes the trip? Personality and hallucinogen use among college students and adolescents.

Research examining hallucinogen use has identified potential benefits, as well as potential harms, associated with use. The acute effects of hallucinogen use can be intense, disorienting, cognitively impairing, and may result in perceptual changes mimicking aspects of temporary psychosis. Hallucinogen use may also lead to the onset of more chronic issues, such as Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder, which impairs daily functioning even when sober.

Factors Associated with Mortality of Intensive Care Unit Patients with Acute Kidney Injury at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital.

Background: the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care units is associated with increased mortality, post AKI morbidity and high treatment costs. Research on factors related to mortality of AKI patients in intensive care units in Indonesia, especially Cipto Mangungkusumo General Hospital has never been done. This study aims to determine the prevalence of AKI, mortality rate of AKI patients, and the factors associated with increased mortality of AKI patients in intensive care units in ICU Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital.

Mesothelioma subtypes of the tunica vaginalis: a rare case report and review of histological criteria.

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is a rare histological subtype of mesothelioma arising from the tunica vaginalis. We present a case of a 23-year-old male with a palpable para-testicular lump of 3 years duration. Scrotal exploration revealed a grossly abnormal cystic appearance of his tunica vaginalis.

Breast cancer surgical treatment choices in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: Patient and surgeon perspectives.

Background: Breast cancer remains the second-leading cause of cancer death among Canadian women. Treatment for breast cancer often includes surgery. Many women have a choice between mastectomy (MT; removal of the entire breast) or breast conserving surgery (BCS; removal of the tumour and some noncancerous breast tissue) followed by radiation.

A novel approach to mesh revision after sacrocolpopexy.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is the herniation of pelvic organs to or beyond the vaginal walls. POP affects 50% of parous women; of those women, 11% will need surgery based on bothersome symptoms. Transvaginal mesh has been used for vaginal augmentation since the 1990s.