Diabetes-related distress and associated factors among adults with diabetes in Germany: Results of the nationwide study "Disease knowledge and information needs - Diabetes mellitus 2017".

Background: Diabetes-related distress (DRD) can affect diabetes management adversely. In lack of population-based data, the frequency and determinants of DRD among adults with diabetes in Germany remain controversial.

Methods: This study included 1367 adults with diabetes who participated in a nationwide health telephone survey conducted among German adults aged 18 years and older in 2017.

German Diabetes Risk Score for the Determination of the Individual Type 2 Diabetes Risk.

Background: The German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) currently enables prediction of the individual risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) within five years. The aim of this study is to extend the prediction period of the GDRS, including its non-clinical version and its HbA1c extension, to 10 years, and to perform external validation.

Methods: In data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study (n = 25 393), Cox proportional hazards regression was used to reweight the points that were used to calculate the five-year risk.

[Algorithm for the Classification of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for the Analysis of Routine Data].

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease of high public health relevance. To estimate the temporal development of prevalence, routine data of statutory health insurances (SHI) are being increasingly used. However, these data are primarily collected for billing purposes and the case definition of specific diseases remains challenging.

Self-assessed quality of care among adults with diagnosed diabetes in Germany.

People who have diabetes require regular medical care. The views of patients about the quality of their care are becoming increasingly relevant when it comes to chronic diseases such as diabetes. As part of the nationwide study Disease Knowledge and Information Needs - Diabetes mellitus (2017), data on self-assessed quality of care by people with diagnosed diabetes was collected using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care - DAWN short form (PACIC-DSF, scale 1 to 5) and analysed for respondents aged 45 years or above.

Diabetes mellitus and comorbidities - A cross-sectional study with control group based on nationwide ambulatory claims data.

As a condition, diabetes mellitus is associated with risk factors and diseases such as obesity. At the same time, cardiovascular diseases are a frequent consequence of diabetes. There have yet to be any findings on the Germany-wide prevalence of diabetes and diabetes comorbidities based on statutory health insurance data.

Care for the chronically ill in Germany - The challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic is posing major challenges to the health care sector. This scoping review compiles evidence concerning changes to health care service availability and utilisation as well as possible impacts on health for selected groups of chronically ill people in Germany. The focus is on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and mental disorders.

Sex-specific impact of major depressive disorder on 12-year change in glycaemic status: Results from a nationwide cohort study of adults without diabetes in Germany.

Aims: There is evidence for an increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk associated with depression, but its role for diabetes prevention remains unclear. This study aimed to add insight by investigating the impact of major depressive disorder (MDD) on prospective glycaemic changes.

Methods: The study was based on a cohort of n = 1,766 adults without diabetes (776 men, 990 women; 18-65 years of age) who participated in the mental health supplement of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GNHIES98-MHS, 1997-1999) and in a follow-up survey (DEGS1, 2008-2011).

Estimating the impact of tax policy interventions on the projected number and prevalence of adults with type 2 diabetes in Germany between 2020 and 2040.

Introduction: As a population-wide intervention, it has been proposed to raise taxes on unhealthy products to prevent diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to estimate the effect of tax policy interventions in 2020 on the projected prevalence and number of people with type 2 diabetes in the German adult population in 2040.

Research Design And Methods: We applied an illness-death model and the German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) to project the prevalence and number of adults with type 2 diabetes in Germany under a base case scenario and under a tax policy intervention scenario.

Excess mortality in adults with documented diabetes in Germany: routine data analysis of all insurance claims in Germany 2013-2014.

Objectives: Little is known about the age-specific excess mortality pattern of people with diagnosed diabetes in Germany. Thus, our goal was to determine the excess mortality in diagnosed diabetes overall and stratified by age and sex based on claims data.

Design: Routine data analysis using a claims dataset from all statutory health-insured persons in Germany in 2013, which accounts for about 90% of the population.

Factors associated with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008-2011.

Introduction: To identify characteristics of people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults in Germany.

Research Design And Methods: The study population comprised participants aged 40-79 years of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008-2011. Glycemic status was categorized as undiagnosed T2D (glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥48 mmol/mol (6.

[Health reporting as part of public health surveillance: the example of diabetes].

The continuous collection and analysis of health data on relevant diseases (surveillance) is at the core of public health. The surveillance enables the implementation of measures to protect the populations' health. Therefore, relevant information needs to be provided in a timely and target-group-specific manner to the respective stakeholders.

Health App Use and Its Correlates Among Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: Nationwide Population-Based Survey.

Background: Evidence suggests that mobile health app use is beneficial for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its associated complications; however, population-based research on specific determinants of health app use in people with and without T2D is scarce.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to provide population-based evidence on rates and determinants of health app use among adults with and without T2D, thereby covering a prevention perspective and a diabetes management perspective, respectively.

Methods: The study population included 2327 adults without a known diabetes diagnosis and 1149 adults with known T2D from a nationwide telephone survey in Germany conducted in 2017.

Psychometric properties of a nationwide survey for adults with and without diabetes: the "disease knowledge and information needs - diabetes mellitus (2017)" survey.

Background: In order to close existing information gaps on diabetes-related health perceptions, diabetes knowledge, and information-seeking behaviors among adults in Germany, a representative population-based survey targeting the German-speaking population 18 years and older with and without diabetes was conducted. The aim of the present work was to analyze the psychometric properties of the multi-item scales, applied in the survey in order to provide guidance for decisions on the use of these measurements for future research.

Methods: Based on data from participants who completed the final survey (N = 1479 with known diabetes; N = 2327 without known diabetes) reliability and unidimensionality of multi-item scales were tested using Cronbach's Alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Perceived diabetes risk and related determinants in individuals with high actual diabetes risk: results from a nationwide population-based survey.

Objective: The purpose of this study was first, to examine perceived diabetes risk compared with actual diabetes risk in the general population and second, to investigate which factors determine whether persons at increased actual risk also perceive themselves at elevated risk.

Research Design And Methods: The study comprised adults (aged 18-97 years) without known diabetes from a nationwide survey on diabetes-related knowledge and information needs in Germany in 2017. Actual diabetes risk was calculated by an established risk score estimating the 5-year probability of developing type 2 diabetes and was compared with perceived risk of getting diabetes over the next 5 years (response options: 'almost no risk', 'slight risk', 'moderate risk', 'high risk'; n = 2327).

Secondary data in diabetes surveillance - co-operation projects and definition of references on the documented prevalence of diabetes.

In addition to the Robert Koch Institute's health surveys, analyses of secondary data are essential to successfully developing a regular and comprehensive description of the progression of diabetes as part of the Robert Koch Institute's diabetes surveillance. Mainly, this is due to the large sample size and the fact that secondary data are routinely collected, which allows for highly stratified analyses in short time intervals. The fragmented availability of data means that various sources of secondary data are required in order to provide data for the indicators in the four fields of action for diabetes surveillance.

Social inequality and diabetes mellitus - developments over time among the adult population in Germany.

The connection between social disadvantage and the presence of known diabetes and specific risk factors is well documented. This article summarises the results from the Robert Koch Institute examination surveys that were conducted between 1997 and 1999 as well as 2008 and 2011 to address social inequality - operationalised by level of education - with regard to prevalences of known and unknown diabetes, risk of diabetes and care of diabetes as well as their development over time. Both survey periods showed that the low education group has higher prevalences of known and unkown diabetes as well as a higher risk of developing diabetes within the next five years compared to the medium and high education group.

Association between random glucose and all-cause mortality: findings from the mortality follow-up of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998.

Background: Random glucose is widely measured in epidemiological studies and in the clinical setting when standardized fasting protocols and oral glucose tolerance testing or HbA measuring are not feasible. The relationship between random glucose and all-cause mortality has hardly been studied so far and was examined in the present study.

Methods: We ascertained mortality status among 5955 persons aged 18-79 years and free of known diabetes when participating in the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (mean observation time 11.

Determinants of Change in Glycemic Status in Individuals with Prediabetes: Results from a Nationwide Cohort Study in Germany.

Previous studies investigating determinants of changes in glycemic status among individuals with prediabetes mainly focused on glucose-defined prediabetes. In this study, we examined determinants of a regression to normoglycemia or a progression to diabetes among individuals with HbA1c-defined prediabetes. The study included 817 participants (18-79 years) with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.

National public health system responses to diabetes and other important noncommunicable diseases : Background, goals, and results of an international workshop at the Robert Koch Institute.

Diabetes mellitus and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent an emerging global public health challenge. In Germany, about 6.7 million adults are affected by diabetes according to national health surveys, including 1.

Derivation and external validation of a clinical version of the German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) including measures of HbA1c.

Objective: The German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) is a diabetes prediction model which only includes non-invasively measured risk factors. The aim of this study was to extend the original GDRS by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and validate this clinical GDRS in the nationwide German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98) cohort.

Research Design And Methods: Extension of the GDRS was based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study with baseline assessment conducted between 1994 and 1998 (N=27 548, main age range 35-65 years).

First results from the study 'Disease knowledge and information needs - Diabetes mellitus (2017)'.

Very little research has been undertaken into what people in Germany know about diabetes, the information they may require about the condition, where they look for such information and how they rate the information currently available. In 2017, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) carried out a nationwide telephone survey aimed at answering these questions. The study entitled 'Disease knowledge and information needs - Diabetes mellitus (2017)' focused on people aged at least 18 years.

Selecting and defining indicators for diabetes surveillance in Germany.

Mainly because of the large number of people affected and associated significant health policy implications, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is developing a public health surveillance system using diabetes as an example. In a first step to ensure long-term and comparable data collection and establish efficient surveillance structures, the RKI has defined a set of relevant indicators for diabetes surveillance. An extensive review of the available literature followed by a structured process of consensus provided the basis for a harmonised set of 30 core and 10 supplementary indicators.

All-cause mortality in adults with and without type 2 diabetes: findings from the national health monitoring in Germany.

Objective: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality among adults with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Germany.

Research Design And Methods: The German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98) included a mortality follow-up (median follow-up time 12.0 years) of its nationwide sample representative of the population aged 18-79 years.

[Regionalization of federal health reporting using the example of diabetes surveillance : Aims and results of the discussion between the Robert Koch Institute and the federal states].

Insufficiently treated diabetes mellitus can lead to severe comorbidities. National and international analyses show a continuous increase in diabetes prevalence over the last decades. Currently, an indicator-based national diabetes surveillance system is implemented at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) to monitor and report on diabetes development on the basis of available primary and secondary data.