Foraging behavior of Highland cattle in silvopastoral systems in the Alps.

Unlabelled: Trees and shrubs expanded in the last decades in European mountains due to land abandonment and the decrease in grazing pressure, and are expected to further spread also due to climate change. As a consequence of low forage quality and topographic constraints, the management of mountain environments dominated by woody vegetation with livestock is often challenging. Silvopastoral systems based on cattle hardy breeds able to forage on woody plants, such as Highland cattle, could be a suitable option for the management and restoration of such environments.

Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease: Pharyngeal manometry and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation.

Objective: Dysphagia is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and it represents a negative prognostic factor because of its complications. This study is to evaluate pharyngeal dysphagia for boluses of various consistencies with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) and Pharyngeal High-Resolution Manometry (PHRM) in a group of PD patients, making a comparison between the information provided by the two exams.

Methods: Group of 20 patients affected by PD was selected and initially subjected to a qualitative evaluation of the swallowing performing FEES.

Complications during Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in 5,680 Examinations.

Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the incidence of complications during fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in 5,680 examinations.

Patients And Methods: 5,680 patients were evaluated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics of Pisa University Hospital between January 2014 and December 2018, involving both inpatients and outpatients. Most common comorbidities included neurological pathologies such as stroke (11.