Mobilizing knowledge about urban change for equity and sustainability: developing 'Change Stories', a multi-country transdisciplinary study.

Background: Health-focused research funders increasingly support multi-country research partnerships that study health, urban development and equity in global settings. To develop new knowledge that benefits society, these grants require researchers to integrate diverse knowledges and data, and to manage research-related aspects of coloniality, such as power imbalances and epistemic injustices. We conducted research to develop a transdisciplinary study proposal with partners in multiple middle and high income countries, aiming to embed equity into the methodology and funding model.

A Reanalysis of the Voicing Effect in English: With Implications for Featural Specification.

The voicing effect is among the most studied and robust of phonetic phenomena. Yet there remains a lack of consensus on why vowels preceding voiced obstruents should be longer than vowels preceding voiceless obstruents. In this paper we provide an analysis of the voicing effect in a corpus of natural speech, and using production data from a metronome-timed word repetition study.

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-]quinolines by formal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of quinolinium salts.

Quinolinium salts, Q-CH-COMe Br and Q-CH-CONMe Br (where Q = quinoline), were prepared from quinolines. Deprotonation of these salts with triethylamine promoted the reaction of the resulting quinolinium ylides (formally azomethine ylides) with electron-poor alkenes by conjugate addition followed by cyclization or by [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition. The pyrroloquinoline products were formed as single regio- and stereoisomers.

Implications of an exemplar-theoretic model of phoneme genesis: a velar palatalization case study.

Diachronic velar palatalization is taken as the case study for modeling the emergence of a new phoneme category. The spread of a palatalized variant through the lexicon is treated as a stochastic classification task for the listener/learner. The model combines two measures of similarity to determine classification within an exemplar-theoretic framework: acoustic distance and phonotactic expectation.

Rochester's lead law: evaluation of a local environmental health policy innovation.

Background: Significant progress has been made in reducing the incidence of childhood lead poisoning in the United States in the past three decades. However, the prevalence of elevated blood lead in children (≥ 10 μg/dL) remains high in some communities, particularly those with high proportions of pre-1978 housing in poor condition. Increasingly, municipalities are using local policy tools to reduce lead poisoning in high-risk areas, but little is known about the effectiveness of such policies.

Healthy energy-efficient housing: using a one-touch approach to maximize public health, energy, and housing programs and policies.

Housing conditions such as leaky roofs, peeling paint, structural problems, chronic dampness, improperly vented combustion appliances, and poor ventilation can cause injury, illness, and increased energy consumption. Homes with moderate and severe housing hazards are more likely to be occupied by families with limited incomes because of the lack of affordable housing choices. As a result, children and older adults in these communities face disproportionate impacts from these housing hazards, including higher asthma and injury rates, greater prevalence of lead poisoning, and higher household energy burdens.

A systematic review of housing interventions and health: introduction, methods, and summary findings.

Subject matter experts systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of specific housing interventions in improving health. The panelists reviewed housing interventions associated with exposure to biological and chemical agents, structural injury hazards, and community-level interventions. Intervention studies were grouped together according to recommendations in the Guide to Community Preventive Services, which identifies similarities in the type of intervention, its delivery and setting, and the target population.

Housing interventions at the neighborhood level and health: a review of the evidence.

A panel of subject matter experts systematically reviewed evidence linking neighborhood-level housing interventions, such as housing programs or policies, to health outcomes. One of the 10 interventions reviewed--the Housing Choice Voucher Program--had sufficient evidence for implementation or expansion. The evidence showed that voucher holders are less likely to suffer from overcrowding, malnutrition due to food insecurity, and concentrated neighborhood poverty than non-voucher holders.

Housing interventions and control of asthma-related indoor biologic agents: a review of the evidence.

Subject matter experts systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of housing interventions that affect health outcomes, primarily asthma, associated with exposure to moisture, mold, and allergens. Three of the 11 interventions reviewed had sufficient evidence for implementation: multifaceted, in-home, tailored interventions for reducing asthma morbidity; integrated pest management to reduce cockroach allergen; and combined elimination of moisture intrusion and leaks and removal of moldy items to reduce mold and respiratory symptoms. Four interventions needed more field evaluation, 1 needed formative research, and 3 either had no evidence of effectiveness or were ineffective.

Evaluation of the effects of ethanol on static and dynamic gait.

Objective: We used two balance assessment devices, computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) and Swaystar transducers to detect subtle balance system deficits in nine subjects who had ingested minimal amounts of alcohol.

Design: Nine subjects were evaluated with both modalities before, and repetitively after, ingesting a small amount of alcohol.

Methods: We measured condition 5 (sway referenced platform; eyes closed) on CDP and tandem walking with eyes closed while wearing Swaystar to see if either test could detect a balance deficit.

Mold and endotoxin levels in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: a pilot project of homes in New Orleans undergoing renovation.

Background: After Hurricane Katrina, many New Orleans homes remained flooded for weeks, promoting heavy microbial growth.

Objectives: A small demonstration project was conducted November 2005-January 2006 aiming to recommend safe remediation techniques and safe levels of worker protection, and to characterize airborne mold and endotoxin throughout cleanup.

Methods: Three houses with floodwater lines between 0.

The relationship between housing and health: children at risk.

In November 2002, the National Center for Healthy Housing convened a 2-day workshop to review the state of knowledge in the field of healthy housing. The workshop, supported with funds from the U.S.

Foreign body aspiration in infants and toddlers: recent trends in British Columbia.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) examine recent trends in the demographics and presentation of children with foreign body aspiration at British Columbia's Children's Hospital and (2) develop safety guidelines regarding feeding nuts and other hard, crunchy foods to infants and toddlers.

Methods: The methods used were a retrospective chart review and a review of swallowing mechanics in early childhood.

Results: Between July 1997 and July 2001, 51 children under 3 years of age underwent rigid bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration.