NOS2 and COX-2 Co-Expression Promotes Cancer Progression: A Potential Target for Developing Agents to Prevent or Treat Highly Aggressive Breast Cancer.

Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) exert profound biological impacts dictated by their chemistry. Understanding their spatial distribution is essential for deciphering their roles in diverse biological processes. This review establishes a framework for the chemical biology of NO and RNS, exploring their dynamic reactions within the context of cancer.

Spatial analysis of NOS2 and COX2 interaction with T-effector cells reveals immunosuppressive landscapes associated with poor outcome in ER- breast cancer patients.

Multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms exist in the tumor microenvironment that drive poor outcomes and decrease treatment efficacy. The co-expression of NOS2 and COX2 is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in ER- breast cancer and other malignancies. Together, they generate pro-oncogenic signals that drive metastasis, drug resistance, cancer stemness, and immune suppression.

[When to Stop Contraception - Reasons and Consequences of Delaying Parenthood].

When to Stop Contraception - Reasons and Consequences of Delaying Parenthood Women are delaying motherhood for many reasons. However, knowledge on age-related decline of fertility is limited. Many patients and even physicians are not aware that female fertility starts to diminish significantly after the age of thirty-two years, and success rates of in vitro treatment are overestimated in the general population.

[Contraception and Sexual Health].

Contraception and Sexual Health Reliable contraceptive methods allow a free development of sexuality without fear of unwanted pregnancies. They have contributed significantly to a more self-determined sexuality of both women and men at reproductive age. Hormonal contraceptives, which are available in different compositions and application forms, are highly effective, but are nevertheless used less and less for fear of physical and psychological side effects.

Randomized controlled trial on the effect of an online decision aid for young female cancer patients regarding fertility preservation.

Study Question: Does the use of an online decision aid (DA) about fertility preservation (FP), in addition to standard counselling by a specialist in reproductive medicine, reduce decisional conflict compared to standard counselling alone?

Summary Answer: Female cancer patients who could make use of the online DA had a significantly lower short-term decisional conflict score.

What Is Known Already: Nowadays, female cancer patients have several options for preserving fertility, but having to decide whether to opt for FP within a short time frame after cancer diagnosis and before the start of treatment is challenging. According to previous studies focussing mainly on breast cancer patients, decisional conflict among these women is high, and they have expressed the need for additional support.

Addressing decisional conflict about fertility preservation: helping young female cancer survivors' family planning decisions.

Background: Health professionals are challenged by a growing number of young long-term cancer survivors with their specific needs with regard to family planning. This study aimed at assessing decisional conflict (DC) in young female cancer patients regarding fertility preservation, identifying demographic, fertility and fertility preservation related factors, which may affect DC, and assessing the helpfulness of various decision-supports.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, web-based survey via an online questionnaire available in three languages with specific items concerning cancer, fertility, fertility preservation and the validated Decisional Conflict Scale targeted at current or former female cancer patients aged 18-45 years, with cancer types or treatment potentially affecting reproductive function.

Fertility Preservation in Young Female Cancer Patients: Development and Pilot Testing of an Online Decision Aid.

Purpose: Impairment of fertility is a common sequela of successful cancer treatment. Therefore, fertility preservation (FP) should be discussed with all young cancer patients. Decisions about FP are challenging.

Endometrial thickness influences neonatal birth weight in pregnancies with obstetric complications achieved after fresh IVF-ICSI cycles.

Purpose: Pregnancy-associated complications, duration of gestation and parity are well-known predictors of neonatal birth weight. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) affects neonatal birth weight as well. Endometrial thickness as measured on the day of HCG triggering may therefore impact on the neonatal birth weight.

Unintended pregnancy during the first year after breast cancer diagnosis.

Objectives: Young women experience high levels of anxiety and distress during cancer diagnosis and therapy, and it can be devastating to become pregnant in this vulnerable state. Pregnancy during cancer treatment is strongly discouraged, as radiotherapy and chemotherapy administered during the first trimester of pregnancy result in increased congenital malformations.

Methods: In this study, we analysed an unselected, consecutive cohort of young breast cancer (BC) patients with regard to unintended pregnancy during the first year after BC diagnosis.

Contraception counseling for young breast cancer patients: A practical needs assessment and a survey among medical oncologists.

Background/methods: We analyzed an unselected, consecutive cohort of young breast cancer (BC) patients (≤40 years, n = 100) with regard to the contraceptive methods used at the time of diagnosis. Based on this data, we assessed the individual need for contraceptive counseling before cancer therapy. Secondly, in a study-specific self-report questionnaire, we surveyed 101 medical oncologists with the aim of evaluating attitudes towards contraception and how young patients are being counseled in the practical clinical setting.

Family ties: young breast cancer patients and their children.

Background: This study assessed the interaction of "family ties" in a cohort of young breast cancer patients.

Methods: Based on the Basel Breast Cancer Database, we analysed an unselected, consecutive cohort of patients who were ≤40 years at breast cancer diagnosis (n = 100).

Results: Sixty patients had children at the time of diagnosis (mean number of children: 1.

Twenty years' experience with the Swiss data registry for assisted reproductive medicine: outcomes, key trends and recommendations for improved practice.

Questions Under Study: The impact of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on Swiss demography was quantified. From 1993 to 2012 the number of deliveries, including multiples, generated by ART was compared with overall delivery numbers. Swiss experts in ART collaborated in a consensus to increase successful outcomes, to reduce the incidence of complications of ART and to validate recommendations through statistical review of available data.

Dual ovarian stimulation is a new viable option for enhancing the oocyte yield when the time for assisted reproductive technnology is limited.

Ovarian stimulation improves assisted reproductive technology outcome by increasing the number of oocytes available for insemination and in-vitro handling. A recent Duplex protocol features a dual stimulation, with the second stimulation started immediately after the first oocyte retrieval. Remarkably, the Duplex protocol is unexpectadly well tolerated by women and provides twice as many oocytes and embryos as a regular antagonist protocol in less than 30 days.

Preserving fertility in patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer: current perspectives.

Invasive breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer of young women. Considering the trend toward postponing childbearing until the later reproductive years, the number of childless women at diagnosis of BC will continue to increase. The American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine have recommended that the impact of cancer treatments on fertility should be addressed with all cancer patients of reproductive age and that options for fertility preservation, such as cryopreservation of embryos and oocytes, ovarian tissue, in vitro maturation of immature oocytes, and ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, should be discussed routinely.

Does prior hysteroscopy affect pregnancy outcome in primigravid infertile women?

Objective: An increasing proportion of infertile women are subjected to hysteroscopy. The effect of hysteroscopy on the pregnancy rate in assisted reproduction has been demonstrated to be favorable, but cervical dilation in the course of hysteroscopy may have an adverse effect on pregnancy outcome. We sought to investigate the effect of hysteroscopy on the risk of early miscarriage, preterm delivery, low birthweight, and other complications of pregnancy.

Urinary phytoestrogens and depression in perimenopausal US women: NHANES 2005-2008.

Background: Fluctuating hormonal levels observed during the menopausal transition may increase vulnerability to depression in susceptible women. Thus, it is of interest to examine the effect of natural estrogens such as phytoestrogens on the risk of depression in perimenopausal women.

Methods: Our analysis included 193 perimenopausal women of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008 aged 45-55 years.

Similar prevalence of expanded CGG repeat lengths in the fragile X mental retardation I gene among infertile women and among women with proven fertility: a prospective study.

Purpose: We sought to determine the usefulness of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) carrier testing among young infertile women with or without signs of ovarian insufficiency as compared with fertile women.

Methods: Three cohorts of women were recruited to determine the cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) repeats trinucleotide repeat length in the 5'-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene in lymphocyte DNA. A total of 199 fertile women, who were reported to have conceived within 3 months, were recruited together with 372 infertile women with ongoing menstrual cycles and 48 infertile women with primary ovarian insufficiency.

Young women with breast cancer: how many are actually candidates for fertility preservation?

Purpose: There are no data regarding the actual need for fertility preservation (FP) in breast cancer (BC) patients. Our study provides a practical needs assessment for reproductive medicine by analyzing an unselected cohort of young BC patients. This assessment considers oncological factors as well as the patient's obstetrical and gynecological history and reproductive outcome after BC diagnosis.

The CC-allele of the PvuII polymorphic variant in intron 1 of the α-estrogen receptor gene is significantly more prevalent among infertile women at risk of premature ovarian aging.

Objective: To study the distribution of a set of polymorphic alleles of genes encoding key regulators of the menstrual cycle in cohorts of women with different levels of fertility.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: University hospital.

Menopausal state in breast cancer: how reliable is the data?

Unlabelled: Despite the high importance of the menopausal state for the management of breast cancer, above all, when planning antihormonal adjuvant therapy, the menopausal state cannot be defined at the time of diagnosis ina significant proportion of women. The scope of uncertainties regarding the recording of the menopausal state in a cohort of patients with breast cancer is evaluated.

Introduction: Menopause is a cornerstone both in breast cancer (BC) pathophysiology and in clinical management.

[New strategies for fertility preservation in young women with cancer].

Especially young women with cancer face rising survival rates due to remarkable progress in oncologic therapies. Preserving fertility is a major concern for both patients and their next of kin. Well established reproductive technologies such as cryopreservation of fertilized oocytes after in vitro fertilization already make fertility preservation possible for some patients.