Enterobactin inhibits microbiota-dependent activation of AhR to promote bacterial sepsis in mice.

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but our understanding of the mechanisms underlying survival or susceptibility is limited. Here, as pathogens often subvert host defence mechanisms, we hypothesized that this might influence the outcome of sepsis. We used microbiota analysis, faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic treatment and caecal metabolite analysis to show that gut-microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites including indoles increased host survival in a mouse model of Serratia marcescens sepsis.

The aborted Whipple: Why, and what happens next?

Background: For patients with periampullary adenocarcinoma (PAC), pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) provides the best survival. Surgery on a subset of patients is aborted during PD. We analyzed these patients.

Does Major Pancreatic Surgery Have Utility in Nonagenarians with Pancreas Cancer?

Objective: This study aims to define the role of surgery and assess different therapies for nonagenarians with localized, nonmetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients ≥ 90 years of age with nonmetastatic, localized PDAC from 2004-2016. Postoperative mortality was assessed at 30 and 90 days in patients receiving pancreatoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy.

Standardization of operative technique in minimally invasive right hepatectomy: improving cost-value relationship through value stream mapping in hepatobiliary surgery.

Background: With current emphasis on improving cost-quality relationship in medicine, it is imperative to evaluate cost-value relationships for surgical procedures. Previously the authors demonstrated comparable clinical outcomes for minimally invasive right hepatectomy (MIRH) and open right hepatectomy (ORH). MIRH had significantly higher intraoperative cost, though overall costs were similar.

Adipose stem cells-conditioned medium blocks 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity via the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Previous studies suggest that the delivery of neurotrophic factors secreted from adipose stromal cells (ASC) protect the brain from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity. However, it remains unclear which secreted neurotrophic factor has an important role in protecting 6-OHDA-treated neurons. Through the use of antibodies in this study, we demonstrated that specific neutralization of IGF-1 activity in ASC conditioned media (ASC-CM) significantly blocks ASC-CM-induced neuroprotection against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity.