A novel approach of arteriovenous fistula formation in cultivation of an arm vein for use in infrainguinal surgical bypass grafting.

Autologous vein is preferable for use in lower limb arterial bypass rather than synthetic graft material. Suitable vein for grafting is often limited, particularly in patients who have had previous cardiac bypass grafting or varicose veins surgery. This case report describes the use of arteriovenous fistula formation to cultivate an arm vein of a suitable diameter for use in femorotibial bypassing.

Defining the structure of undergraduate medical leadership and management teaching and assessment in the UK.

Medical leadership and management (MLM) skills are essential in preventing failings of healthcare; it is unknown how these attitudes can be developed during undergraduate medical education. This paper aims to quantify interest in MLM and recommends preferred methods of teaching and assessment at UK medical schools. Two questionnaires were developed, one sent to all UK medical school faculties, to assess executed and planned curriculum changes, and the other sent to medical students nationally to assess their preferences for teaching and assessment.