Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a rare cause of primary amenorrhoea in adolescence-a review and update on diagnosis, management and advances in genetic understanding.

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) refers to a family of genetic disorders that affect the production and/or action of gonadotropic-releasing hormone, resulting in reduced serum levels of sex steroids. This condition has a prevalence of 1-10 cases/100 000 births and is characterised by the absence of spontaneous pubertal development. In women, the condition is characterised by the onset of normal adrenarche, with the absence of thelarche and menarche.

Successful Resuscitation of Maternal Cardiac Arrest With Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Guided by Rotational Thromboelastometry and Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Case Report.

We present a case of maternal cardiac arrest during an elective cesarean delivery. Transesophageal echocardiography identified a large pulmonary artery mass, and guided resuscitation efforts. After return of spontaneous circulation, the patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation with massive hemorrhage.

Incidental gonadal tumors at the time of gonadectomy in women with Swyer syndrome: a case series.

Background: Swyer syndrome (46XY complete gonadal dysgenesis) is an uncommonly encountered condition in our population. Gonadectomy is recommended upon diagnosis due to a significant risk of malignant transformation of the dysgenetic gonads, typically to dysgerminoma.

Cases: We present 3 cases of women who underwent gonadectomy following a diagnosis of Swyer syndrome.

Dinoprostone vaginal pessary for induction of labour: safety of use for up to 24 h.

Background: Cervidil(®) (dinoprostone) intravaginal pessaries are used for induction of labour and maintain serum prostaglandin levels for up to 24 h. The Therapeutic Goods Administration approves Cervidil(®) for 12-h use. However, twenty-four-hour use of Cervidil(®) is supported in Europe, New Zealand, America and some Australian hospitals.

Large loop excision of transformation zone procedures used in the management of cytological abnormalities of the cervix.

Background:   National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines published in 2005 changed the management of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. Asymptomatic low-grade abnormalities may be treated conservatively as many regress spontaneously. Cervical changes reflect infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV).

The obstructed hemivagina, ipsilateral renal anomaly, uterus didelphys triad.

The triad of obstructed hemivagina, renal anomaly and uterus didelphys is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain and menstrual discomfort in adolescent girls. Accurate diagnosis and surgical treatment can be delayed for several months or even years. Adolescent girls presenting with these symptoms should have a baseline pelvic ultrasound scan to establish uterine anatomy.