Glucose insult elicits hyperactivation of cancer stem cells through miR-424-cdc42-prdm14 signalling axis.

Background: Meta-analysis shows that women with diabetes have a 20% increased risk of breast cancer and also an increased risk for distant metastasis and mortality. The molecular mechanisms for distant metastasis and mortality in breast cancer patients with diabetes are not very well understood.

Methods: We compared the effect of physiological (5 mM) and diabetic (10 mM) levels of glucose on malignant breast epithelial cell invasion and stemness capabilities.

The serum protein profile of early parity which induces protection against breast cancer.

Early parity reduces the risk of breast cancer in women while nulliparity and late parity increase the risk of breast cancer. In order to translate this protection to women where early pregnancy is not feasible, much work has focused on understanding how parity confers protection against breast cancer, the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs is still not well understood. Healthy parous and nulliparous women were recruited for this study.

A Breast Tissue Protein Expression Profile Contributing to Early Parity-Induced Protection Against Breast Cancer.

Background/aims: Early parity reduces breast cancer risk, whereas, late parity and nulliparity increase breast cancer risk. Despite substantial efforts to understand the protective effects of early parity, the precise molecular circuitry responsible for these changes is not yet fully defined.

Methods: Here, we have conducted the first study assessing protein expression profiles in normal breast tissue of healthy early parous, late parous, and nulliparous women.

Growth hormone receptor inhibition decreases the growth and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic cancer is the only major cancer with very low survival rates (1%). It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Hyperactivated growth hormone receptor (GHR) levels have been shown to increase the risk of cancer in general and this pathway is a master regulator of key cellular functions like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metastasis, etc.

microRNA alterations in ALDH positive mammary epithelial cells: a crucial contributing factor towards breast cancer risk reduction in case of early pregnancy.

Background: microRNAs have recently succeeded in grabbing the center stage in cancer research for their potential to regulate vital cellular process like cell cycle, stem cell renewal and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Breast cancer is the second most leading cause of cancer related mortality in women. The main reason for mortality is chemoresistance and metastasis for which remnant stem cells are believed to be the cause.

Targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Increasing incidence and mortality indicates that there is still much lacking in detection and management of the disease. This is partly due to a lack of specific symptoms during early stages of the disease.