Aims: To examine sleep quality and its associations with glycaemic control, glycaemic variability (GV), and fear of hypoglycaemia (FOH) in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Background: Poor sleep quality has negative health consequences and is a frequent complaint among adults with type 1 diabetes. Sleep quality in adults with type 1 diabetes is likely affected by glucose levels as well as stressors associated with managing a chronic condition.
Objectives: The association between inadequate sleep and type 2 diabetes has garnered much attention, but little is known about sleep and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our objectives were to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing sleep in persons with and without T1D, and to explore relationships between sleep and glycemic control in T1D.
Methods: Studies were identified from Medline and Scopus.
Objective: Investigate the cross-sectional association of glycemic control of ethnically diverse youth with diabetes mellitus with family characteristics.
Design: Family study of 91 youth (probands) with diabetes mellitus and 142 parents.
Results: Children's age and HbA1c averaged 11.
Background: Monogenic diabetes is a group of disorders caused by mutations in any one of a number of genes. Although a monogenic diagnosis--estimated to represent as much as 2% of all diabetes patients--can have a transformational impact on treatment, the majority of monogenic cases remain unidentified and little is known about their natural history. We thus created the first United States Monogenic Diabetes Registry (http://www.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To pilot test and assess the feasibility of a culturally grounded approach to adolescent overweight and diabetes prevention.
Study Design: Reach-Out, a family-based nutrition and exercise program for overweight African American youth aged 9 to 12 years and their families, is led by lay health leaders and conducted in a community setting on Chicago's south side (Illinois). Age-appropriate interactive sessions focus on skills building, problem solving, and setting goals during 14 weekly sessions, with monthly meetings thereafter.
Aim: To explore whether it is possible to predict a child's eventual diabetes phenotype using characteristics at initial presentation, we reassessed 111 young patients on average 7.8 ± 4.2 (2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To understand the etiology of childhood-onset diabetes, we examined genetic risk markers, autoantibodies, and β-cell function in a mixed race group of young patients.
Methods: One hundred and forty-five patients aged 0-17 at diagnosis (54% African American, 22% Caucasian, 16% Latino, 8% mixed-other) were studied at mean duration 6.9 ± 5.
Digital communication technologies (DCT), such as cell phones and the internet, have begun to replace more traditional technologies even in technology-poor communities. We characterized access to DCT in an underserved urban population and whether access is associated with health and study participation. A general probability community sample and a purposive high-turnover housing sample were recruited and re-interviewed after 3 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We examined sleep in families of individuals with type 1 diabetes and the relationship of sleep with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance.
Methods: Probands with type 1 diabetes diagnosed before age 18 and first- and second-degree relatives were included (n = 323). Demographic, anthropometric and clinical variables, and self-reported sleep duration and napping were assessed.
Objective: Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare form of diabetes diagnosed in infancy. Nearly half of patients with permanent neonatal diabetes have mutations in the genes for the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KCNJ11 and ABCC8) that allow switching from insulin to sulfonylurea therapy. Although treatment conversion has dramatic benefits, the cost-effectiveness of routine genetic testing is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Community Health Partnersh
June 2012
Background: Schools represent a key potential venue for addressing childhood obesity.
Objective: To assess the feasibility of Power-Up, an after-school program to decrease obesity risk among African American children, using community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles.
Methods: Teachers led 14 weekly nutrition and physical activity sessions during afterschool care at the Woodlawn Community School on Chicago's South Side.
Objective: To examine whether patterns in socioeconomic characteristics in Chicago over a 30-year period are associated with neighborhood distribution of youth diabetes risk.
Research Design And Methods: Incident cases of diabetes in youth aged 0-17 years were identified from the Chicago Childhood Diabetes Registry between 1994 and 2003. Those with a type 2 diabetes-like clinical course or related indicators were classified as non-type 1 diabetic; the remaining cases were considered to have type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is greater in racial/ethnic minorities than in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) for those with and without type 2 diabetes. Because previous research on insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes was limited to NHWs, racial/ethnic variation in an estimated measure of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes was determined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The sample included 79 individuals with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at age <18 years (32.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Health Behav
February 2010
Objective: To characterize the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) regarding childhood obesity among parents of Latino preschoolers.
Methods: Three hundred sixty-nine Mexican immigrant parents of children ages 2-5 were interviewed. Children were weighed and measured.
Objectives: Rehospitalization after a diabetes diagnosis in youth signals the failure of outpatient management. We examined risk factors for rehospitalization among young patients with diabetes.
Patients And Methods: We queried 535 participants diagnosed before 18 years of age from the Chicago Childhood Diabetes Registry.
Aims: To correlate complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in children with diabetes mellitus (DM) with DM control and other family or disease characteristics.
Methods: Parents/guardians of children with DM were interviewed about demographics, clinical characteristics, CAM use, health care beliefs, psychosocial variables, and religious beliefs. The child's hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) value from the visit was collected.
Background: The early onset of puberty may be related to obesity, so there is a need to know the prevalence of early pubertal milestones in nonoverweight children. OBJECTIVE. We compared attainment of stage 2 breasts, stage 3 (sexual) pubic hair, and menarche in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sample of children with normal BMI with those with excessive BMI (> or =85th percentile).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Health Care Poor Underserved
November 2008
Objective: The national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing rapidly. This study investigated a) clinical differences between early onset and later onset T2DM; and b) if specific risk factors were associated with age at diagnosis or clinical outcomes among uninsured adults in a large urban setting.
Methods: We compared 417 adults diagnosed under age 30 with 968 adults diagnosed ages 50-58 on clinical and social measures using standard parametric tests.
Background/objective: Mutations in KCNJ11, ABCC8, or INS are the cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus in about 50% of patients diagnosed with diabetes before 6 months of age and in a small fraction of those diagnosed between 6 and 12 months. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic cause of diabetes in 77 consecutive patients referred to the University of Chicago with diabetes diagnosed before 1 yr of age.
Methods: We used Oragene DNA Self-Collection kit to obtain a saliva sample for DNA.
Objective: Insulin downregulates hepatic production of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which in turn influences sex hormone bioavailability. The effects of childhood-onset diabetes and insulin resistance in nondiabetic individuals on SHBG and testosterone in children and young adults are poorly understood.
Research Design And Methods: Individuals with diabetes diagnosed at <18 years of age (n = 48) and their siblings without diabetes (n = 47) were recruited for the Chicago Childhood Diabetes Registry Family Study.
Background: Reports of increasing risk for type 1 (T1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth are emerging, but information on socioeconomically diverse populations is limited.
Method: The Chicago Childhood Diabetes Registry is a city-wide study of patients 0-17 years old at onset. Incidence data came from medical records and interviews; census data provided denominators; analyses used Poisson regression.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2007
We report 10 heterozygous mutations in the human insulin gene in 16 probands with neonatal diabetes. A combination of linkage and a candidate gene approach in a family with four diabetic members led to the identification of the initial INS gene mutation. The mutations are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in this and two other small families whereas the mutations in the other 13 patients are de novo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We sought to determine whether risk of death differed by demographic or other characteristics in a population-based cohort of patients with childhood-onset diabetes.
Research Design And Methods: The Chicago Childhood Diabetes Registry is an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with diabetes onset between ages 0 and 17 years. Cases that accumulated from 1 January 1985 to 31 December 2000 (n = 1,238) were assessed for vital status using death certificates, family reports, and two large administrative databases (Social Security Death Index and National Death Index).
Objective: Young people with chronic diseases face the challenge of moving from the pediatric to the adult health care environment, in addition to the normal hurdles of young adulthood. To most effectively help them through this process, we must first understand their perspective.
Design: Qualitative study of the social and emotional impact of having diabetes.