The Development of the Radial Bow in Children: Normative Values.

Background: Radial bowing is necessary for forearm rotation. Fractures or deformities of the forearm that affect the radial bow may disrupt normal forearm rotation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development and establish normative values for the pediatric and adolescent radial bow.

Molecular Additives as Competitive Binding Agents to Control Supramolecular-Driven Nanoparticle Assembly.

Colloidal nanoparticle assembly methods can produce intricate superlattice structures and often use knowledge of atomic crystallization behaviors to guide their design. While this analogy has enabled multiple routes to programming colloidal crystallization thermodynamics, fewer tools or strategies exist to manipulate nanoparticle superlattice growth kinetics in a controlled manner. Here we investigate how small-molecule additives can be used to modulate the thermodynamics and kinetics of supramolecular-chemistry-driven nanoparticle assembly.

Vaccine-induced human monoclonal antibodies to PfRH5 show broadly neutralizing activity against P. falciparum clinical isolates.

Vaccines to the Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding-like protein homologue 5 (PfRH5) target the blood-stage of the parasite life cycle. PfRH5 has the potential to trigger the production of strain-transcendent antibodies and has proven its efficacy both in pre-clinical and early clinical studies. Vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to PfRH5 showed promising outcomes against cultured P.

Predicting disease recurrence in patients with endometriosis: an observational study.

Background: Despite surgical and pharmacological interventions, endometriosis can recur. Reliable information regarding risk of recurrence following a first diagnosis is scant. The aim of this study was to examine clinical and survey data in the setting of disease recurrence to identify predictors of risk of endometriosis recurrence.

Treatment of calcific arterial disease via enhancement of autophagy using GSK343.

Vascular calcification is a hallmark of atherosclerotic disease and serves as a strong predictor and risk factor for cardiovascular events. Growing evidence suggests that autophagy may play a protective role in early atherosclerosis. The precise effects of autophagy on VSMC-mediated calcification remain unknown.

E2F1 Mediates SOX17 Deficiency-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Rare genetic variants and genetic variation at loci in an enhancer in SOX17 (SRY-box transcription factor 17) are identified in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PAH with congenital heart disease. However, the exact role of genetic variants or mutations in SOX17 in PAH pathogenesis has not been reported.

Methods: SOX17 expression was evaluated in the lungs and pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) of patients with idiopathic PAH.

E2F1 Mediates SOX17 Deficiency-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension.

Rationale: Rare genetic variants and genetic variation at loci in an enhancer in SRY-Box Transcription Factor 17 (SOX17) are identified in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PAH with congenital heart disease. However, the exact role of genetic variants or mutation in SOX17 in PAH pathogenesis has not been reported.

Objectives: To investigate the role of SOX17 deficiency in pulmonary hypertension (PH) development.

Validation of the food allergy quality of life questionnaire series in Chinese families with food-allergic children.

Background: Anxiety from accidental exposure and vigilant dietary monitoring impair the quality of life (QoL) of food-allergic patients. A comprehensive food allergy-specific questionnaire allows patients to accurately report their QoL. This study validated the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) series and assessed the QoL of Chinese food-allergic patients and their caregivers.

Electronic cigarette vaping with aged coils causes acute lung injury in mice.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been used widely as an alternative to conventional cigarettes and have become particularly popular among young adults. A growing body of evidence has shown that e-cigarettes are associated with acute lung injury and adverse effects in multiple other organs. Previous studies showed that high emissions of aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in aerosols were associated with increased usage of the same e-cigarette coils.

Activation of a Locus Coeruleus to Dorsal Hippocampus Noradrenergic Circuit Facilitates Associative Learning.

Processing of contextual information during a new episodic event is crucial for learning and memory. Neuromodulation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the formation of associations between environmental cues and an aversive experience. Noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus send dense projections to both regions, but their contribution to contextual associative learning has not been established.

The role of social media in management of individuals with endometriosis: A cross-sectional study.

Background: To better understand the potential role of social media (SM) as a self-management tool for individuals with endometriosis and to assess its current use by endometriosis patients.

Aims: The primary outcome was use of SM for health in patients with endometriosis. Secondary outcomes included preferred SM platforms for health information sharing and factors that influenced use, positive and negative experiences and reported impacts on health.

Multivariate experimental design provides insights for the optimisation of rechloramination conditions and water age to control disinfectant decay and disinfection by-product formation in treated drinking water.

The stability of drinking water disinfectant residuals is known to be influenced by multiple variables. To evaluate the effects of various influencing variables on disinfectant stability, a multivariate analysis of chloramine decay and associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation was investigated in a series of bench-scale experiments. Of nine water quality variables previously identified, monochloramine dose, pH, and bromide concentration were selected as key water quality variables based on previous investigations and modelling.

COVID-19 interventional trials: Analysis of data sharing intentions during a time of pandemic.

Background: This survey of COVID-19 interventional studies encompasses, and expands upon, a previous publication [1] examining individual participant level data (IPD) sharing intentions for COVID-related trials and publications prior to June 30, 2020.

Methods: Replicating our inclusion criteria from the original survey, we evaluated a larger dataset of 2759 trials and 281 publications in this follow-up survey for willingness to share IPD and studied if sharing sentiment has evolved since the beginning of the pandemic.

Results: We found that 18 months into the pandemic, data sharing intentions remained static at 15% for trials registered through ClinicalTrials.

Solvothermal depolymerization and recrystallization of imine-linked two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.

Mechanistic understanding into the formation and growth of imine-linked two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is needed to improve their materials quality and access larger crystallite sizes, both of which limit the promise of 2D COFs and 2D polymerization techniques. Here we report a previously unknown temperature-dependent depolymerization of colloidal 2D imine-linked COFs, which offers a new means to improve their crystallinity. 2D COF colloids form at room temperature but then depolymerize when their reaction mixtures are heated to 90 °C.

Changing pattern of pediatric anaphylaxis in Hong Kong, 2010-2019.

Background: Anaphylaxis is a significant health burden in most Western countries, but there are little published data on the incidence and pattern of anaphylaxis in Asia. We aim to determine the incidence rate and pattern of anaphylaxis over the past decade among the pediatric population in Hong Kong.

Methods: Medical records of patients presenting with allergy-related symptoms during the period 2010 to 2019 were examined.

A CRISPR-based assay for the study of eukaryotic DNA repair onboard the International Space Station.

As we explore beyond Earth, astronauts may be at risk for harmful DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Double-strand breaks are a type of DNA damage that can be repaired by two major cellular pathways: non-homologous end joining, during which insertions or deletions may be added at the break site, and homologous recombination, in which the DNA sequence often remains unchanged. Previous work suggests that space conditions may impact the choice of DNA repair pathway, potentially compounding the risks of increased radiation exposure during space travel.

Sulfide catabolism ameliorates hypoxic brain injury.

The mammalian brain is highly vulnerable to oxygen deprivation, yet the mechanism underlying the brain's sensitivity to hypoxia is incompletely understood. Hypoxia induces accumulation of hydrogen sulfide, a gas that inhibits mitochondrial respiration. Here, we show that, in mice, rats, and naturally hypoxia-tolerant ground squirrels, the sensitivity of the brain to hypoxia is inversely related to the levels of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) and the capacity to catabolize sulfide.

Diverse Proton-Conducting Nanotubes via a Tandem Macrocyclization and Assembly Strategy.

Macrocycles that assemble into nanotubes exhibit emergent properties stemming from their low dimensionality, structural regularity, and distinct interior environments. We report a versatile strategy to synthesize diverse nanotube structures in a single, efficient reaction by using a conserved building block bearing a pyridine ring. Imine condensation of a 2,4,6-triphenylpyridine-based diamine with various aromatic dialdehydes yields chemically distinct pentagonal [5 + 5], hexagonal [3 + 3], and diamond-shaped [2 + 2] macrocycles depending on the substitution pattern of the aromatic dialdehyde monomer.

Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Solid Solutions.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) generally leverage one or two monomers with specific sizes and shapes to access highly symmetric and periodic polymer networks. Almost all reported COFs employ the minimum sets of monomers needed for the polymerization (usually two, sometimes one) and crystallize in high-symmetry topologies. COFs synthesized from more than two monomers usually employ mixtures with different pendant functionalities to distribute these groups statistically throughout the structure, or monomers with different sizes in ratios targeting lower symmetry topologies.