Contextual factors influence food intake at eating occasions in young adults: A mixed effect analysis.

Understanding eating behaviours of young adults is crucial for developing strategies to improve their diet quality. Factors that influence eating behaviours are often multifaceted and highly contextual, with little research focused on young adults. This study examined contextual factors influencing food intake at eating occasions among young adults.

Association between protein intake, diet quality, and obesity in Australian adults: a comparison of measurement units.

Previous investigations on protein associations with diet quality and obesity still have inconclusive findings, possibly due to how protein intake was expressed. This study aimed to compare how different ways of expressing total protein intake may influence its relationships with diet quality and obesity. Usual protein intake was estimated from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey ( = 7637 adults, ≥19 years), expressed in grams (g/d), percent energy (%EI), and grams per actual kilogram body weight (g/kgBW/d).

Eating frequency, timing of meals, and sleep duration before and after a randomized controlled weight loss trial for breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: To examine eating frequency, timing of meals, and sleep duration before and after a weight loss intervention for breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Female breast cancer survivors (n = 159; 55 ± 9 years; 31.4 ± 5.

Associations between the nutritional quality of snacks, overall diet quality and adiposity: findings from a nationally representative study of Australian adolescents.

The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between snack nutritional quality, overall diet quality and adiposity among Australian adolescents. The secondary aim was to assess the distribution of discretionary foods (i.e.

Analytic Methods for Understanding the Temporal Patterning of Dietary and 24-H Movement Behaviors: A Scoping Review.

Dietary and movement behaviors [physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SED), and sleep] occur throughout a 24-h day and involve multiple contexts. Understanding the temporal patterning of these 24-h behaviors and their contextual determinants is key to determining their combined effect on health. A scoping review was conducted to identify novel analytic methods for determining temporal behavior patterns and their contextual correlates.

Advances in methods for characterizing dietary patterns: A scoping review.

There is a growing focus on better understanding the complexity of dietary patterns and how they relate to health and other factors. Approaches that have not traditionally been applied to characterize dietary patterns, such as machine learning algorithms and latent class analysis methods, may offer opportunities to measure and characterize dietary patterns in greater depth than previously considered. However, there has not been a formal examination of how this wide range of approaches has been applied to characterize dietary patterns.

Bioavailability of Australian pre-schooler iron intakes at specific eating occasions is low.

Purpose: Poor bioavailability may contribute to iron deficiency among children in high-resource countries, but iron bioavailability of Australian pre-schooler diets is unknown. This study aimed to estimate the bioavailability of Australian pre-schooler iron intakes across the day and by eating occasions to identify optimal timing for intervention, by using five previously developed algorithms, and to estimate the proportion of children with intakes of absorbable iron below the requirements.

Methods: Dietary data of children aged 2 to < 6 y (n = 812) from the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were collected via two 24-h recalls.

Clusters of 24-hour movement behavior and diet and their relationship with health indicators among youth: a systematic review.

Movement-related behaviors (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) and diet interact with each other and play important roles in health indicators in youth. This systematic review aimed to investigate how PA, SB, sleep, and diet cluster in youth by biological sex; and to examine which cluster are associated with health indicators. This study was registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD42018094826).

The prevalence of food insecurity amongst refugees and asylum seekers during, and prior to, their early resettlement period in Australia: A cross-sectional analysis of the 'Building a New Life in Australia' data.

With over 100 million humanitarian migrants globally, there is increasing pressure on high-income countries to offer resettlement opportunities. Humanitarian migrants face many challenges during pre-settlement and resettlement. One challenge is food insecurity (FI).

Associations between diet quality and dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus in a low-risk cohort of pregnant women in Australia: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Evidence of associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women is limited. This study examined changes in MDS and DASH and dietary patterns in Australian pregnant women between early and late pregnancy and their associations with GDM.

Methods: The data from n = 284 participants were analysed.

Sociodemographic differences in dietary trends among Iranian adults: findings from the 2005-2016 Iran-WHO STEPS survey.

Objective: To examine trends in the intake of key food groups among Iranian adults between 2005 and 2016, overall, and according to sociodemographic characteristics.

Design: Repeat cross-sectional data from the Iran-STEPwise approach to risk factor surveillance (Iran-WHO STEPS) 2005-2016 were analysed. Regression analyses were used to evaluate trends in the frequency of fruits, vegetables and fish intake and type of oil used over time.

Achieving high diet quality at eating occasions: findings from a nationally representative study of Australian adults.

This study examined differences in food groups consumed at eating occasions by the level of adherence to dietary guidelines in Australian adults (≤19 years) and whether consumption differed with respect to age, sex and education levels. Secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey ( 9054) was performed, using one 24-h dietary recall with self-reported eating occasions. Dietary Guideline Index scores were used to assess adherence to the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines.

Dietary patterns derived using principal component analysis and associations with sociodemographic characteristics and overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional analysis of Iranian adults.

Introduction: This study examined the cross-sectional association between household dietary patterns and sociodemographic characteristics and BMI in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adults.

Methods: Data on 6,833 households ( = 17,824 adults) from the National Comprehensive Study on Household Food Consumption Pattern and Nutritional Status 2001-2003 were used. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract dietary patterns from three household 24-h dietary recalls.

Sedentary behaviour profiles and longitudinal associations with academic performance in youth: The UP&DOWN study.

The current study evaluated longitudinal associations between profile transitions of context-specific sedentary behaviour (SB) and changes in academic performance (AP) among school-aged youth. Participants were 466 children and 717 adolescents (50.8% males) aged 8-18 years (children = 7.

A systematic review of the clustering and correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior among boys and girls.

Identifying the clustering and correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) is very important for developing appropriate lifestyle interventions for children and adolescents. This systematic review (Prospero CRD42018094826) aimed to identify PA and SB cluster patterns and their correlates among boys and girls (0-19 years). The search was carried out in five electronic databases.

A longitudinal study of lifestyle behaviours in emerging adulthood and risk for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Background: Little research has examined how lifestyle behaviours cluster together to contribute to mental health outcomes. The current study aimed to identify latent classes of emerging adult lifestyle behaviours (diet, physical activity, sedentary time, smoking, alcohol, cannabis, and other drug use) at age 20 years and their associations with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms at age 22 and 27 years.

Methods: Participants were 616 emerging adults enrolled in the Raine Study.

Frequency and distribution of dietary energy, vegetable, fruit and discretionary food intakes in 18-month-old Australian children.

Dietary behaviours in early childhood are understudied despite links with later health. Assessing the distribution of key food groups across the day could identify opportunities for improvements. This study aimed to describe the 24-hourly distribution of dietary intakes and frequency of eating occasions for weekdays and weekend days among children aged 18 months and assess associations of eating frequency with vegetable, fruit and discretionary intakes and zBMI.

Associations between diet quality and obesity in a nationally representative sample of Iranian households: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Research examining associations between diet quality and obesity in Iranian adults is limited by small and non-representative samples. This study examined associations between two diet quality indices and obesity risk in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adults and interactions by sex and area of residence.

Methods: Data on 18,307 adults (mean age 37 [SD 15.

A systematic review of temporal body weight and dietary intake patterns in adults: implications on future public health nutrition interventions to promote healthy weight.

Purpose: The global prevalence of overweight remains high; effective strategies that consider patterns of body weight changes to identify periods when adults are susceptible to weight gain are warranted. This systematic review aimed to investigate body weight patterns, and how they were associated with dietary intake and/or dietary behaviours (Prospero CRD42020161977).

Methods: Systematic literature search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases until November 2020.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Appetite Self-Regulation Phenotypes and Trajectories in Childhood: A Review of Person-Centered Strategies.

This review uses person-centered research and data analysis strategies to discuss the conceptualization and measurement of appetite self-regulation (ASR) phenotypes and trajectories in childhood (from infancy to about ages 6 or 7 years). Research that is person-centered provides strategies that increase the possibilities for investigating ASR phenotypes. We first examine the utility of examining underlying phenotypes using latent profile/class analysis drawing on cross-sectional data.

Characterizing children's eating patterns: does the choice of eating occasion definition matter?

Background: Recommendations to define eating occasions (EO) currently exist for research in adults, but not for children or adolescents. We examined how varying EO definitions affect the characterization of eating patterns in children and adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional dietary data collected using a 24-h recall data during the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (1364 boys and 1337 girls aged 2-18 years) were analyzed.

Neighbourhood food typologies, fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia.

Objective: Despite the increased attention on neighbourhood food environments and dietary behaviours, studies focusing on adolescents are limited. This study aims to characterise typologies of food environments surrounding adolescents and their associations with fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school.

Design: The number of food outlets (supermarket; green grocers; butcher/seafood/deli; bakeries; convenience stores; fast food/takeaways; café and restaurants) within a 1 km buffer from home was determined using a Geographic Information System.

The RNA-binding protein Igf2bp3 is critical for embryonic and germline development in zebrafish.

The ability to reproduce is essential in all branches of life. In metazoans, this process is initiated by formation of the germline, a group of cells that are destined to form the future gonads, the tissue that will produce the gametes. The molecular mechanisms underlying germline formation differs between species.