Umbrella review of social inequality in digital interventions targeting dietary and physical activity behaviors.

Digital interventions are increasingly utilized as a lever to promote population health, yet not everyone may equally benefit from them. This umbrella review pooled the insights from available systematic and scoping reviews regarding potential social inequalities in digital intervention uptake, engagement and effectiveness, focusing on the promotion of weight-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior) and weight loss (maintenance) in adults. Six databases were searched from 1970 to October 2023.

Unveiling socioeconomic disparities in maternal smoking during pregnancy: a comprehensive analysis of rural and Appalachian areas in Virginia utilizing the multi-dimensional YOST index.

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy carries significant health risks for both mothers and infants, especially in vulnerable regions like rural and Appalachian areas with high smoking rates. Understanding the causes of high smoking rates in vulnerable areas is crucial for designing effective interventions to promote smoking cessation and reduce preventable health disparities.

Methods: Data from the Virginia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS; years 2009-2020) comprised of 7,861 women aged over 18 were used in this cross-sectional observational study.

Symptom Monitoring App Use Associated With Medication Adherence Among Woman Survivors of Breast Cancer on Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy.

Purpose: Oral adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and death for women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. Because of adverse symptoms and socioecologic barriers, AET adherence rates are low. We conducted post hoc analyses of a randomized trial of a remote symptom and adherence monitoring app to evaluate characteristics associated with higher app use, satisfaction, and how app use was associated with AET adherence.

The Effect of Intervention Preference Matching on Outcomes and Engagement in a Post-cessation Weight Management Trial.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of intervention treatment preference in a post-smoking cessation weight management trial.

Design & Setting: Participants were randomized to a weight management intervention (Stability, Loss, or Bibliotherapy); all participants received a standard smoking cessation program. Adults aged 18+ were recruited from Memphis, TN, and nationally.

Provider advice, pregnant persons' expectations, and actual gestational weight gain among United States military health care beneficiaries: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Healthy gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with improved pregnancy and delivery outcomes. Previous literature shows provider advice and expectations regarding GWG significantly associated with GWG outcomes. In this study, we explore the influence of these factors on GWG in a military population in this secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.

Excessive Gestational Weight Gain, Independent of Body Mass Index, Is Associated With Child Fat Mass Index at Age 2 Years in the Growing life, Optimizing Wellness Study.

Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (eGWG) increases risk for pregnancy complications and future obesity for pregnant persons and children. Yet, it is unclear whether eGWG leads to higher child adiposity at 2 years, independent of the pregnant person's body mass index (BMI) while considering important covariates. Moreover, understanding the characteristics of pregnant persons experiencing eGWG will help design future targeted interventions.

Addressing rural health disparities by optimizing "high-touch" intervention components in digital obesity treatment: The iREACH Rural study.

Background: Rural residents are more impacted by obesity and related comorbidities than their urban counterparts. Digital weight management interventions may produce meaningful weight loss among rural residents.

Objectives: The iREACH Rural Study aims to identify "high-touch" component(s) that contribute to meaningful weight loss (≥1.

Childhood cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the perinatal environment of the maternal-paternal-child triad.

Introduction: Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Identification of modifiable parental factors that contribute to offspring cardiometabolic health is critical for the prevention of disease. The objective was to identify factors associated with child cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.

The potential feasibility of tobacco-focused medication therapy management in pharmacies affiliated with Federally Qualified Health Centers: Perspectives of pharmacists.

Background: Tobacco-focused medication therapy management (MTM) interventions executed in pharmacies located in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) may provide an innovative means to reach smokers with low incomes and reduce health disparities. However, greater understanding of the intervention's potential feasibility in this setting is needed.

Objective: To inform the feasibility of implementing an MTM program to address tobacco and nicotine dependence in the FQHC setting by assessing the experience and perceptions of pharmacists working in pharmacies associated with FQHCs.

Smoking Cessation Tool Utilization Among Individuals with and Without Cancer Across Smoking Status.

There are many tools to assist with cigarette smoking cessation (e.g., counseling, pharmacotherapy).

Unveiling rural and Appalachian disparities in cigarette smoking through the social vulnerability index and other county-level characteristics.

Purpose: Mitigating tobacco-related disparities in the Appalachian region and rural areas is crucial. This study seeks to gauge cigarette smoking prevalence in Virginia counties, uncover rurality and Appalachian-linked disparities, and explore local drivers of these gaps.

Method: A 2011-2019 Virginia BRFSS data were used to estimate county-level cigarette smoking rates in adults aged 18 or older.

Remote Monitoring App for Endocrine Therapy Adherence Among Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) use among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer reduces the risk of cancer recurrence, but its adverse symptoms contribute to lower adherence.

Objective: To test whether remote monitoring of symptoms and treatment adherence with or without tailored text messages improves outcomes among women with breast cancer who are prescribed AET.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nonblinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) following intention-to-treat principles included English-speaking women with early-stage breast cancer prescribed AET at a large cancer center with 14 clinics across 3 states from November 15, 2018, to June 11, 2021.

Tobacco Quitline utilization compared with cigarette smoking prevalence in Virginia across rurality and Appalachian Status, 2011-2019.

Introduction: While cigarette smoking rates have declined, rural and Appalachian populations in the United States have not seen similar decreases. Quitline programs are promising strategies in reducing disparities in these areas, but research on their usage is limited.

Methods: We employed Small Area Estimation on the Virginia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2011-2019) to estimate county-level smoking prevalence and utilized The Quit Now Virginia Quitline data (2011-2019) to estimate Quitline users.

Overweight/obesity, gestational weight gain, postpartum weight retention, and maternal/neonatal complications in the military.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) among military beneficiaries and to assess associations of these risk factors with maternal/neonatal complications and substantial postpartum weight retention (PPWR).

Methods: We obtained data for 48,391 TRICARE beneficiaries who gave birth in 2018 or 2019 in the United States. We used logistic regression and ANOVA to examine relationships among overweight/obesity, GWG, maternal/neonatal complications, and substantial PPWR.

Healthful Eating Behaviors among Couples Contribute to Lower Gestational Weight Gain.

Through longitudinal analysis from the GLOWING cohort study, we examined the independent and joint relationships between couples' eating behaviors and gestational weight gain (GWG). Pregnant persons (n = 218) and their non-pregnant partners (n = 157) completed an Eating Inventory. GWG was calculated as gestation weight at 36 weeks minus that at 10 weeks.

Identification of minimum thresholds for dietary self-monitoring to promote weight-loss maintenance.

Objective: Reduced schedules of dietary self-monitoring are typically recommended after the end of behavioral weight-loss programs; however, there exists little empirical evidence to guide these recommendations.

Methods: We explored potential thresholds for dietary self-monitoring during a 9-month maintenance period following a 3-month weight-loss program in 74 adults with overweight or obesity (mean [SD] age = 50.7 [10.

Testing the feasibility of the QuitAid smoking cessation intervention in a randomized factorial design in an independent, rural community pharmacy.

Background: Adult smoking rates in the USA are highest in economically depressed rural Appalachia. Pharmacist-delivered tobacco cessation support that incorporates medication therapy management (such as the QuitAid intervention) is a promising approach to address this need.

Methods: Twenty-four adult smokers recruited between September and November 2021 through an independent pharmacy in rural Appalachia were randomized in a non-blinded 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design to (1) pharmacist delivered QuitAid intervention (yes vs.

Digital health interventions for all? Examining inclusivity across all stages of the digital health intervention research process.

Digital interventions offer many possibilities for improving health, as remote interventions can enhance reach and access to underserved groups of society. However, research evaluating digital health interventions demonstrates that such technologies do not equally benefit all and that some in fact seem to reinforce a "digital health divide." By better understanding these potential pitfalls, we may contribute to narrowing the digital divide in health promotion.

Impact of feedback generation and presentation on self-monitoring behaviors, dietary intake, physical activity, and weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Self-monitoring of dietary intake, physical activity, and weight is a key strategy in behavioral interventions, and some interventions provide self-monitoring feedback to facilitate goal setting and promote engagement. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether feedback increases intervention effectiveness, and which forms of feedback presentation (e.g.

Gestational Weight Gain Among Urban and Rural Pregnant Individuals Who Smoke or Quit Smoking.

Introduction: Approximately 7.2% of individuals in the U.S.

Reducing intervention- and research-induced inequalities to tackle the digital divide in health promotion.

Social inequalities are an important contributor to the global burden of disease within and between countries. Using digital technology in health promotion and healthcare is seen by some as a potential lever to reduce these inequalities; however, research suggests that digital technology risks re-enacting or evening widening disparities. Most research on this digital health divide focuses on a small number of social inequality indicators and stems from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries.